caa a22 4500 445376910 CHVBK 20180317143005.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00702-010-0532-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00702-010-0532-2 The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: implications for a role in modulating spinal cord motoneuron excitability [Elektronische Daten] [Eugenio Scarnati, Tiziana Florio, Annamaria Capozzo, Giuseppina Confalone, Paolo Mazzone] There is evidence that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) improves parkinsonian motor signs. The mechanisms that mediate these effects and the modifications that occur in the PPTg in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully known and are the object of current debate. The aim of this paper was to critically review available data with respect to (1) the presence of PPTg neurons linked to reticulospinal projections, (2) the involvement of these neurons in modulating spinal reflexes, and (3) the participation of fibers close to or within the PPTg region in such modulation. The PPTg neurons are distributed in a large pontotegmental region, stimulation of which can evoke activity in hindlimb, shoulder and neck muscles, and potentiate motor responses evoked by stimulation of dorsal roots. This influence seems to be carried out by fast-conducting descending fibers, which likely run in the medial reticulospinal pathway. It is yet unclear which neurotransmitters are involved and on which elements of the gray matter of the spinal cord PPTg fibers synapse. The modulation of spinal cord activity which can be achieved by stimulating the PPTg region seems to be mediated not only by PPTg neurons, but also by tecto-reticular fibers which run in the pontotegmental area, and which likely are activated during PPTg-DBS. The importance of these fibers is discussed taking into account the degeneration of PPTg neurons in PD and the benefits in gait and postural control that PPTg-DBS exerts in PD. The potential usefulness of PPTg-DBS in other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuronal loss in the brainstem is also considered. Springer-Verlag, 2010 Deep brain stimulation nationallicence Parkinson's disease nationallicence H-reflex nationallicence Reticulospinal pathways nationallicence Superior colliculus nationallicence Dorsal root nationallicence Ventral root nationallicence Scarnati Eugenio Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut Florio Tiziana Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut Capozzo Annamaria Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut Confalone Giuseppina Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut Mazzone Paolo Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, CTO Hospital ASL Roma C, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145, Rome, Italy aut Journal of Neural Transmission Springer Vienna 118/10(2011-10-01), 1409-1421 0300-9564 118:10<1409 2011 118 702 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-010-0532-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-010-0532-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scarnati Eugenio Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Florio Tiziana Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Capozzo Annamaria Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Confalone Giuseppina Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (STB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mazzone Paolo Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, CTO Hospital ASL Roma C, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Neural Transmission Springer Vienna 118/10(2011-10-01), 1409-1421 0300-9564 118:10<1409 2011 118 702 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer