caa a22 4500 445377569 CHVBK 20180317143007.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00702-011-0622-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00702-011-0622-9 Ransmayr G. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, General Hospital of the City of Linz, Linz, Austria aut Physical, occupational, speech and swallowing therapies and physical exercise in Parkinson's disease [Elektronische Daten] [G. Ransmayr] Former studies on the effects of physical exercise, physical and occupational therapy (PT, OT) and speech and swallowing therapy (ST, SwT) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have demonstrated little or uncertain effects. New pathophysiological concepts have been developed. Recent controlled high-level studies demonstrate improvement of mobility and balance after training of muscular strength and endurance, trunk control, and amplitude and rhythmicity of movements (treadmill). Attentional and cognitive strategies were found to enforce body awareness and improve movement sequences. Dance, sensory (auditory, visual, tactile) and cognitive cueing are effective for problems of gait and balance. Whether PT and OT reduce the risk of falls remains uncertain. ST including Lee Silverman Voice Treatment has been shown to relieve speech problems. SwT and OT are frequently applied, however, further studies are necessary. Therapeutic interventions need to be evaluated with regard to consistency, intensity, frequency, duration, side effects, home versus institution based and standardized versus individualized training, quality standards, practicability in real life, and cost-effectiveness. Parkinson patients should resume or continue physical exercise as long as possible. There is hope that regular sport may modify PD risk and progression. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Journal of Neural Transmission Springer Vienna 118/5(2011-05-01), 773-781 0300-9564 118:5<773 2011 118 702 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-011-0622-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-011-0622-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Ransmayr G. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, General Hospital of the City of Linz, Linz, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Neural Transmission Springer Vienna 118/5(2011-05-01), 773-781 0300-9564 118:5<773 2011 118 702 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer