caa a22 4500 445377895 CHVBK 20180317143008.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10393-011-0684-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10393-011-0684-z The Ecology of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Birds in Southern Africa [Elektronische Daten] [Graeme Cumming, Alexandre Caron, Celia Abolnik, Giovanni Cattoli, Leo Bruinzeel, Christina Burger, Krizia Cecchettin, Ngoni Chiweshe, Bontsi Mochotlhoane, Gregory Mutumi, Mduduzi Ndlovu] Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are pathogens of global concern, but there has been little previous research on avian influenza in southern Africa and almost nothing is known about the dynamics of AIVs in the region. We counted, captured and sampled birds regularly at five sites, two in South Africa (Barberspan and Strandfontein) and one in each of Botswana (Lake Ngami), Mozambique (Lake Chuali) and Zimbabwe (Lakes Manyame and Chivero) between March 2007 and May 2009. The South African and Zimbabwean sites were visited every 2 months and the sites in Botswana and Mozambique every 4 months. During each visit we undertook 5-7days of standardised bird counts followed by 5-10days of capturing and sampling water-associated birds. We sampled 4,977 birds of 165 different species and completed 2,503 half-hour point counts. We found 125 positive rRT-PCR cases of avian influenza across all sites. Two viruses (H1N8 and H3N8) were isolated and additional H5, H6 and H7 strains were identified. We did not positively identify any highly pathogenic H5N1. Overall viral prevalence (2.51%) was similar to the lower range of European values, considerable spatial and temporal variation occurred in viral prevalence, and there was no detectable influence of the annual influx of Palearctic migrants. Although waterbirds appear to be the primary viral carriers, passerines may link wild birds and poultry. While influenza cycles are probably driven by the bird movements that result from rainfall patterns, the epidemiology of avian influenza in wild birds in the subregion is complex and there appears to be the possibility for viral transmission throughout the year. International Association for Ecology and Health, 2011 avian influenza nationallicence pathogen nationallicence epidemiology nationallicence Anatidae nationallicence South Africa nationallicence Zimbabwe nationallicence Cumming Graeme Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut Caron Alexandre UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe aut Abolnik Celia ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut Cattoli Giovanni OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy aut Bruinzeel Leo Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut Burger Christina ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut Cecchettin Krizia OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy aut Chiweshe Ngoni UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe aut Mochotlhoane Bontsi ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut Mutumi Gregory Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut Ndlovu Mduduzi Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 8/1(2011-03-01), 4-13 1612-9202 8:1<4 2011 8 10393 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-011-0684-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-011-0684-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cumming Graeme Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Caron Alexandre UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Abolnik Celia ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cattoli Giovanni OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bruinzeel Leo Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Burger Christina ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cecchettin Krizia OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chiweshe Ngoni UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mochotlhoane Bontsi ARC-Pretoria Veterinary Institute, Old Soutpan Road, 0110, Onderstepoort, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mutumi Gregory Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ndlovu Mduduzi Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 8/1(2011-03-01), 4-13 1612-9202 8:1<4 2011 8 10393 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer