caa a22 4500 445378263 CHVBK 20180317143009.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10393-012-0743-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10393-012-0743-0 Towards a Better Understanding of the Use of Probiotics for Preventing Chytridiomycosis in Panamanian Golden Frogs [Elektronische Daten] [Matthew Becker, Reid Harris, Kevin Minbiole, Christian Schwantes, Louise Rollins-Smith, Laura Reinert, Robert Brucker, Rickie Domangue, Brian Gratwicke] Populations of native Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki) have collapsed due to a recent chytridiomycosis epidemic. Reintroduction efforts from captive assurance colonies are unlikely to be successful without the development of methods to control chytridiomycosis in the wild. In an effort to develop a protective treatment regimen, we treated golden frogs with Janthinobacterium lividum, a skin bacterium that has been used to experimentally prevent chytridiomycosis in North American amphibians. Although J. lividum appeared to colonize A.zeteki skin temporarily, it did not prevent or delay mortality in A. zeteki exposed to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of chytridiomycosis. After introduction of J. lividum, average bacterial cell counts reached a peak of 1.7×106 cells per frog ~2weeks after treatment but declined steadily after that. When J. lividum numbers declined to ~2.8×105 cells per frog, B. dendrobatidis infection intensity increased to greater than 13,000 zoospore equivalents per frog. At this point, frogs began to die of chytridiomycosis. Future research will concentrate on isolating and testing antifungal bacterial species from Panama that may be more compatible with Atelopus skin. International Association for Ecology and Health, 2012 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis nationallicence Chytridiomycosis nationallicence Atelopus zeteki nationallicence Janthinobacterium lividum nationallicence probiotic nationallicence Becker Matthew Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 2119 Derring Hall, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut Harris Reid Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut Minbiole Kevin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut Schwantes Christian Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut Rollins-Smith Louise Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA aut Reinert Laura Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA aut Brucker Robert Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA aut Domangue Rickie Department of Mathematics and Statistics, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut Gratwicke Brian Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA aut EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 8/4(2011-12-01), 501-506 1612-9202 8:4<501 2011 8 10393 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0743-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0743-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Becker Matthew Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 2119 Derring Hall, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Harris Reid Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Minbiole Kevin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schwantes Christian Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rollins-Smith Louise Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reinert Laura Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brucker Robert Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Domangue Rickie Department of Mathematics and Statistics, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gratwicke Brian Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 8/4(2011-12-01), 501-506 1612-9202 8:4<501 2011 8 10393 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer