caa a22 4500 445383739 CHVBK 20180317143025.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-011-9472-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-011-9472-4 Dependence of Forest Structure and Dynamics on Substrate Age and Ecosystem Development [Elektronische Daten] [James Kellner, Gregory Asner, Peter Vitousek, Michael Tweiten, Sara Hotchkiss, Oliver Chadwick] We quantified rates, sizes, and spatial properties of prevailing disturbance regimes in five tropical rain forest landscapes on a substrate-age gradient in Hawaii. By integrating measurements from airborne LiDAR with field studies and statistical modeling, we show that the structure and dynamics of these forests respond to processes that change during the development of ecosystems. On young substrates of 0.3ky where forests are in primary succession and are limited by N, mean canopy height was 13m and height decreases more than 1m occurred in small, isolated events (power-law exponent=1.69±0.02, n=61 gapsha−1). The proportion of the landscape affected by disturbance increased on high-fertility intermediate-aged substrates of 5-65ky and canopies were heterogeneous. Frequencies of height decreases more than 1m were n=14, 18, and 30 gapsha−1 corresponding to power-law exponents of 2.188±0.02, 2.220±0.03, and 1.982±0.02 on substrates of 5, 20, and 65ky. There was a substantial difference between forests on a 150ky substrate and sites of 5-65ky; trees on the older substrate formed patchworks of stunted cloud-forest and stands of taller-stature trees. The frequency of recent disturbance events more than 1m was n=48gapsha−1, corresponding to a power-law exponent of 1.638±0.01. Across the substrate-age gradient, the proportion of each landscape that decreased in height by more than 1m was 0.16, 0.40, 0.41, 0.36, and 0.17, respectively. These findings demonstrate that substrate age and processes associated with ecosystem development can mediate the rates, sizes, and spatial characteristics of disturbance regimes on forested landscapes, and point toward the necessity of large-area samples to obtain robust estimates of natural dynamics. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Carbon nationallicence Canopy gap nationallicence Disturbance nationallicence Forest dynamics nationallicence Hawaii nationallicence LiDAR nationallicence Rain forest nationallicence Kellner James Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut Asner Gregory Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut Vitousek Peter Department of Biology, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut Tweiten Michael Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut Hotchkiss Sara Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut Chadwick Oliver Department of Geography, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbra, California, USA aut Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/7(2011-11-01), 1156-1167 1432-9840 14:7<1156 2011 14 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9472-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9472-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kellner James Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Asner Gregory Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vitousek Peter Department of Biology, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tweiten Michael Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hotchkiss Sara Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chadwick Oliver Department of Geography, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbra, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/7(2011-11-01), 1156-1167 1432-9840 14:7<1156 2011 14 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer