caa a22 4500 445383763 CHVBK 20180317143025.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-011-9425-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-011-9425-y Tracking Soil Temperature and Moisture in a Multi-Factor Climate Experiment in Temperate Grassland: Do Climate Manipulation Methods Produce their Intended Effects? [Elektronische Daten] [Cameron Carlyle, Lauchlan Fraser, Roy Turkington] Passive open-top chambers (OTCs) and rainout shelters (RSs) have been used for over two decades to manipulate temperature and water availability in experiments on plant communities. These types of manipulations have been independently evaluated; however, as experiments become more complex and multiple factors are evaluated the potential for unknown or undesirable treatment effects increases. We present the effects of temperature manipulations (with OTCs), water manipulations (with RSs and water additions), and a clipping treatment, implemented in a fully factorial design, on soil moisture and temperature over 2years in a temperate grassland. Temperature was increased 0.2°C by OTCs. Soil volumetric water content was reduced 3% by RSs and increased 2% by watering. However, clipping vegetation, treatment interactions, and weather conditions also affected soil temperature and moisture. For example, in OTCs RSs increased the temperature an additional 0.4°C, watering lowered it 0.4°C, and clipping raised temperature 2°C. Similarly, changes in soil moisture due to the RSs decreased VWC by 3% and increased 1% by clipping whereas soil moisture due to watering was reduced 1% by the OTCs and clipping. We also found that OTCs are more effective at raising temperatures on cooler days when soil temperatures are below 16.3°C. Our results suggest that all treatment types generally affect soil variables in predicable ways, but use of such devices should be adopted with caution, as they do not act independently, or exclusively, on the target variables. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 open-top chamber nationallicence rainout shelter nationallicence climate change nationallicence soil volumetric water content nationallicence clipping nationallicence disturbance nationallicence Carlyle Cameron Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada aut Fraser Lauchlan Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, PO Box 3010, V2C 5N3, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada aut Turkington Roy Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada aut Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/3(2011-04-01), 489-502 1432-9840 14:3<489 2011 14 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9425-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9425-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Carlyle Cameron Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fraser Lauchlan Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, PO Box 3010, V2C 5N3, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Turkington Roy Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/3(2011-04-01), 489-502 1432-9840 14:3<489 2011 14 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer