caa a22 4500 445384328 CHVBK 20180317143027.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-010-9404-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-010-9404-8 Historical Changes in Marine Resources, Food-web Structure and Ecosystem Functioning in the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean [Elektronische Daten] [Heike Lotze, Marta Coll, Jennifer Dunne] The Mediterranean Sea has been strongly influenced by human activities for millennia. Although the environmental history of its surrounding terrestrial ecosystems has received considerable study, historical changes in its marine realm are less known. We used a multidisciplinary approach combining paleontological, archeological, historical, fisheries, and ecological data to reconstruct past changes in marine populations, habitats, and water quality in the Adriatic Sea. Then, we constructed binary food webs for different historical periods to analyze possible changes in food-web structure and functioning over time. Our results indicate that human activities have influenced marine resource abundance since at least Roman times and accelerated in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Today, 98% of traditional marine resources are depleted to less than 50% of former abundance, with large (>1m) predators and consumers being most affected. With 37% of investigated species rare and 11% extirpated, diversity has shifted towards smaller, lower trophic-level species, further aggravated by more than 40 species invasions. Species providing habitat and filter functions have been reduced by 75%, contributing to the degradation of water quality and increased eutrophication. Increased exploitation and functional extinctions have altered and simplified food-web structure over time, especially by changing the proportions of top predators, intermediate consumers, and basal species. Moreover, simulations of species losses indicate that today's ecosystems may be less robust to species extinctions than in the past. Our results illustrate the long-term and far-reaching consequences human activities can have on marine food webs and ecosystems. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 ecological history nationallicence marine populations nationallicence exploitation nationallicence habitat loss nationallicence eutrophication nationallicence extinction nationallicence invasion nationallicence food-web structure nationallicence ecosystem modelling nationallicence Lotze Heike Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, B3H 4J1, Halifax, NS, Canada aut Coll Marta Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, B3H 4J1, Halifax, NS, Canada aut Dunne Jennifer Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, 87501, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA aut Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/2(2011-03-01), 198-222 1432-9840 14:2<198 2011 14 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9404-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9404-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lotze Heike Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, B3H 4J1, Halifax, NS, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Coll Marta Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, B3H 4J1, Halifax, NS, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dunne Jennifer Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, 87501, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag 14/2(2011-03-01), 198-222 1432-9840 14:2<198 2011 14 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer