caa a22 4500 445384506 CHVBK 20180317143028.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0 Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review [Elektronische Daten] [Juergen Puls, Steven Wilson, Dirk Hölter] Cellulose acetate polymer is used to make a variety of consumer products including textiles, plastic films, and cigarette filters. A review of degradation mechanisms, and the possible approaches to diminish the environmental persistence of these materials, will clarify the current and potential degradation rates of these products after disposal. Various studies have been conducted on the biodegradability of cellulose acetate, but no review has been compiled which includes biological, chemical, and photo chemical degradation mechanisms. Cellulose acetate is prepared by acetylating cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer. Cellulose is readily biodegraded by organisms that utilize cellulase enzymes, but due to the additional acetyl groups cellulose acetate requires the presence of esterases for the first step in biodegradation. Once partial deacetylation has been accomplished either by enzymes, or by partial chemical hydrolysis, the polymer's cellulose backbone is readily biodegraded. Cellulose acetate is photo chemically degraded by UV wavelengths shorter than 280nm, but has limited photo degradability in sunlight due to the lack of chromophores for absorbing ultraviolet light. Photo degradability can be significantly enhanced by the addition of titanium dioxide, which is used as a whitening agent in many consumer products. Photo degradation with TiO2 causes surface pitting, thus increasing a material's surface area which enhances biodegradation. The combination of both photo and biodegradation allows a synergy that enhances the overall degradation rate. The physical design of a consumer product can also facilitate enhanced degradation rate, since rates are highly influenced by the exposure to environmental conditions. The patent literature contains an abundance of ideas for designing consumer products that are less persistent in the outdoors environment, and this review will include insights into enhanced degradability designs. The Author(s), 2010 Biodegradation nationallicence Photo degradation nationallicence Disintegration nationallicence Puls Juergen vTI Institute of Wood Technology and Wood Biology, Hamburg, Germany aut Wilson Steven Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA aut Hölter Dirk Rhodia Acetow GmbH, Freiburg, Germany aut Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/1(2011-03-01), 152-165 1566-2543 19:1<152 2011 19 10924 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Puls Juergen vTI Institute of Wood Technology and Wood Biology, Hamburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wilson Steven Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hölter Dirk Rhodia Acetow GmbH, Freiburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/1(2011-03-01), 152-165 1566-2543 19:1<152 2011 19 10924 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer