caa a22 4500 44538476X CHVBK 20180317143029.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10924-011-0321-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10924-011-0321-5 Enhancement and Characterization of Chitosan Extraction from the Wastes of Shrimp Packaging Plants [Elektronische Daten] [A. Alishahi, A. Mirvaghefi, M. Tehrani, H. Farahmand, S. Shojaosadati, F. Dorkoosh, Maher Elsabee] Chitin is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature next to cellulose. The main source of chitin is crustacean shells. Chitosan, derived from chitin by alkaline deacetylation, characteristically plays an important role in applications. Several parameters determine the chitosan specifications, namely, chitosan sources, incubation time, pretreatment conditions, temperature and acid and alkaline treatment. Chitosan extraction has been achieved by microwave heating and compared with that of conducting the deacetylation in an autoclave. High molecular weight chitosan (as determined by viscosity measurements of chitosan in dilute acetic acid solution), white color, high water binding capacity (WBC) and fat binding capacity (FBC) has been obtained by microwave treatment. In addition, microwave treatment saves a large amount of energy (due to the shorter time of heating) which is a very important factor for commercial productions. The data extracted from X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy have shown more crystalline and higher DDA of chitosan produced in microwave than the one in autoclave. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of chitosan prepared by microwaves was higher than that produced using the autoclave. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Chitosan nationallicence Color characteristics nationallicence Deacetylation nationallicence Viscosity nationallicence Crystallinity nationallicence Antibacterial properties nationallicence Alishahi A. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut Mirvaghefi A. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut Tehrani M. Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut Farahmand H. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut Shojaosadati S. Department of Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Tarbirt Modares, Tehran, Iran aut Dorkoosh F. Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut Elsabee Maher Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt aut Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/3(2011-09-01), 776-783 1566-2543 19:3<776 2011 19 10924 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0321-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0321-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Alishahi A. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mirvaghefi A. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tehrani M. Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Farahmand H. Department of Fisheries, The University of Agriculture and Natural Sciences of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shojaosadati S. Department of Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Tarbirt Modares, Tehran, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dorkoosh F. Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elsabee Maher Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/3(2011-09-01), 776-783 1566-2543 19:3<776 2011 19 10924 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer