caa a22 4500 445384921 CHVBK 20180317143029.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10924-011-0312-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10924-011-0312-6 Bio-Treatment of Natural Fibers in Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibres: Impact of Pre-Refining of Fibers on Bio-Treatment Efficiency and Nanofiber Yield [Elektronische Daten] [Sreekumar Janardhnan, Mohini Sain] Biodegradability, renewability and high specific strength properties of cellulose nanofibres and microfibrils have made them very attractive in nano-biocomposite science. Treatment of natural fibers with suitable enzymes or fungus has been found to substantially alleviate the high energy requirement associated with the isolation of cellulose nanofibers via high shear refining and subsequent cryocrushing. This article briefly describes a novel enzymatic fiber pretreatment developed to facilitate the isolation of cellulose nanofibres and explores the effect of pre-refining of fibers on the effectiveness of bio-treatment. Soft wood Kraft pulp was pre-sheared to different degree and treated with a genetically modified fungus isolated from fungus infected Dutch elm tree. Cellulose nanofibres were isolated from these treated fibers by high shear refining. The percentage yield of nanofibres from pre-refined fibers in the less than 50nm range showed a substantial increase and at the same time the number of revolutions required during the high shear refining to attain a comparable level of nanofibres isolation decreased. This observation may be attributed to the better fiber internal accessibility of the enzymes due to loosening up of the fibers and increased number of fiber ends as a result of pre-refining. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Cellulose nanofibres/microfibrils nationallicence Cellulose microfibril isolation nationallicence Enzyme pre-treatment nationallicence Hydrogen bonds nationallicence PFI refining nationallicence Janardhnan Sreekumar Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, M5S 3E5, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Sain Mohini Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, M5S 3E5, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/3(2011-09-01), 615-621 1566-2543 19:3<615 2011 19 10924 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0312-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0312-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Janardhnan Sreekumar Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, M5S 3E5, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sain Mohini Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, M5S 3E5, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Polymers and the Environment Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 19/3(2011-09-01), 615-621 1566-2543 19:3<615 2011 19 10924 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer