caa a22 4500 445387548 CHVBK 20180317143036.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10714-010-1011-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10714-010-1011-7 Improving the sensitivity of future GW observatories in the 1-10Hz band: Newtonian and seismic noise [Elektronische Daten] [M. Beker, G. Cella, R. DeSalvo, M. Doets, H. Grote, J. Harms, E. Hennes, V. Mandic, D. Rabeling, J. van den Brand, C. van Leeuwen] The next generation gravitational wave interferometric detectors will likely be underground detectors to extend the GW detection frequency band to frequencies below the Newtonian noise limit. Newtonian noise originates from the continuous motion of the Earth's crust driven by human activity, tidal stresses and seismic motion, and from mass density fluctuations in the atmosphere. It is calculated that on Earth's surface, on a typical day, it will exceed the expected GW signals at frequencies below 10Hz. The noise will decrease underground by an unknown amount. It is important to investigate and to quantify this expected reduction and its effect on the sensitivity of future detectors, to plan for further improvement strategies. We report about some of these aspects. Analytical models can be used in the simplest scenarios to get a better qualitative and semi-quantitative understanding. As more complete modeling can be done numerically, we will discuss also some results obtained with a finite-element-based modeling tool. The method is verified by comparing its results with the results of analytic calculations for surface detectors. A key point about noise models is their initial parameters and conditions, which require detailed information about seismic motion in a real scenario. We will describe an effort to characterize the seismic activity at the Homestake mine which is currently in progress. This activity is specifically aimed to provide informations and to explore the site as a possible candidate for an underground observatory. Although the only compelling reason to put the interferometer underground is to reduce the Newtonian noise, we expect that the more stable underground environment will have a more general positive impact on the sensitivity. We will end this report with some considerations about seismic and suspension noise. The Author(s), 2010 Gravitational waves nationallicence Noises nationallicence Beker M. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Cella G. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sez. Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy aut DeSalvo R. LIGO Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA aut Doets M. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Grote H. Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Research (Albert Einstein Institute), Hannover, Germany aut Harms J. University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut Hennes E. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Mandic V. University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut Rabeling D. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut van den Brand J. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut van Leeuwen C. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut General Relativity and Gravitation Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 43/2(2011-02-01), 623-656 0001-7701 43:2<623 2011 43 10714 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-010-1011-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-010-1011-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beker M. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cella G. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sez. Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- DeSalvo R. LIGO Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Doets M. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grote H. Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Research (Albert Einstein Institute), Hannover, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Harms J. University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hennes E. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mandic V. University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rabeling D. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van den Brand J. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Leeuwen C. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, P. O. Box 41182, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- General Relativity and Gravitation Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 43/2(2011-02-01), 623-656 0001-7701 43:2<623 2011 43 10714 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer