caa a22 4500 445389591 CHVBK 20180317143042.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00049-011-0080-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00049-011-0080-8 Leaf ontogeny interacts with Bt modification to affect innate resistance in GM aspens [Elektronische Daten] [E. Axelsson, Joakim Hjältén, Thomas Whitham, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Gilles Pilate, Anders Wennström] Bioassays with a non-target slug (Deroceras spp.) and chemical analyses were conducted using leaf tissue from already existing genetically modified insect-resistant aspen trees to examine whether genetic modifications to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins could affect plant phytochemistry, which in turn might influence plant-herbivore interactions. Three major patterns emerged. First, two independent modifications for Bt resistance affected the phytochemical profiles of leaves such that both were different from the isogenic wild-type (Wt) control leaves, but also different from each other. Among the contributors to these differences are substances with a presumed involvement in resistance, such as salicortin and soluble condensed tannins. Second, bioassays with one Bt line suggest that the modification somehow affected innate resistance ("Innate” is used here in opposition to the "acquired” Bt resistance) in ways such that slugs preferred Bt over Wt leaves. Third, the preference test suggests that the innate resistance in Bt relative to Wt plants may not be uniformly expressed throughout the whole plant and that leaf ontogeny interacts with the modification to affect resistance. This was manifested through an ontogenetic determined increase in leaf consumption that was more than four times higher in Bt compared to Wt leaves. Our result are of principal importance, as these indicate that genetic modifications can affect innate resistance and thus non-target herbivores in ways that may have commercial and/or environmental consequences. The finding of a modification-ontogeny interaction effect on innate resistance may be especially important in assessments of GM plants with a long lifespan such as trees. Springer Basel AG, 2011 GM trees nationallicence Pleiotropic effect nationallicence Secondary substances nationallicence Populus nationallicence Slug nationallicence Ontogeny nationallicence Biotechnology nationallicence Axelsson E. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden aut Hjältén Joakim Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden aut Whitham Thomas Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA aut Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut Pilate Gilles INRA, UR 0588 ‘Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières', CS 40001 Ardon, 45075, Orléans Cedex 2, France aut Wennström Anders Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden aut Chemoecology SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel 21/3(2011-09-01), 161-169 0937-7409 21:3<161 2011 21 49 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-011-0080-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-011-0080-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Axelsson E. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hjältén Joakim Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Whitham Thomas Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pilate Gilles INRA, UR 0588 ‘Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières', CS 40001 Ardon, 45075, Orléans Cedex 2, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wennström Anders Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Chemoecology SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel 21/3(2011-09-01), 161-169 0937-7409 21:3<161 2011 21 49 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer