caa a22 4500 445391642 CHVBK 20180317143048.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10955-010-0095-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10955-010-0095-5 Entropy and Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Relation for Heat Conducting Steady States [Elektronische Daten] [Teruhisa Komatsu, Naoko Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Sasa, Hal Tasaki] Among various possible routes to extend entropy and thermodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states (NESS), we take the one which is guided by operational thermodynamics and the Clausius relation. In our previous study, we derived the extended Clausius relation for NESS, where the heat in the original relation is replaced by its "renormalized” counterpart called the excess heat, and the Gibbs-Shannon expression for the entropy by a new symmetrized Gibbs-Shannon-like expression. Here we concentrate on Markov processes describing heat conducting systems, and develop a new method for deriving thermodynamic relations. We first present a new simpler derivation of the extended Clausius relation, and clarify its close relation with the linear response theory. We then derive a new improved extended Clausius relation with a "nonlinear nonequilibrium” contribution which is written as a correlation between work and heat. We argue that the "nonlinear nonequilibrium” contribution is unavoidable, and is determined uniquely once we accept the (very natural) definition of the excess heat. Moreover it turns out that to operationally determine the difference in the nonequilibrium entropy to the second order in the temperature difference, one may only use the previous Clausius relation without a nonlinear term or must use the new relation, depending on the operation (i.e., the path in the parameter space). This peculiar "twist” may be a clue to a better understanding of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of NESS. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Nonequilibrium steady states nationallicence Clausius relation nationallicence Excess heat nationallicence Komatsu Teruhisa Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan aut Nakagawa Naoko College of Science, Ibaraki University, 310-8512, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan aut Sasa Shin-ichi Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan aut Tasaki Hal Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan aut Journal of Statistical Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 142/1(2011-01-01), 127-153 0022-4715 142:1<127 2011 142 10955 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-010-0095-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-010-0095-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Komatsu Teruhisa Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nakagawa Naoko College of Science, Ibaraki University, 310-8512, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sasa Shin-ichi Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tasaki Hal Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Statistical Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 142/1(2011-01-01), 127-153 0022-4715 142:1<127 2011 142 10955 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer