caa a22 4500 445795484 CHVBK 20180317145123.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10620-011-1684-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10620-011-1684-0 Validation of the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) for Identifying Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy [Elektronische Daten] [Andrés Duarte-Rojo, José Estradas, Roberto Hernández-Ramos, Sergio Ponce-de-León, Juan Córdoba, Aldo Torre] Background: The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) is a battery of neuropsychological tests used in the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Aim: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a dataset of normal values for the PHES. Methods: Volunteers and patients with cirrhosis with and without low-grade overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) were enrolled. All subjects completed the PHES battery, and possible modifying factors were assessed. Formulas to predict expected scores in cirrhotics were constructed, and MHE was diagnosed whenever a deviation of <−4 SDs occurred across the five tests. Results: Among the 743 volunteers, age and years of education influenced the scores of all tests. Eighty-four patients with cirrhosis lacked evidence of OHE, whereas 20 had OHE: median PHES were −1 [0 to −3] and −9 [−6.5 to −11.8] (P<0.001), respectively. Thirteen of the 84 patients (15%) with cirrhosis but without OHE had MHE. Patients with MHE were older and less educated than those without MHE (61±8 and 52±10years old, P=0.003; 7±4 and 12±5years education, P=0.002), whereas liver function was not different (MELD, 8±5 and 8±5). A very strong correlation between these norms and those derived from Spain was observed (r=0.964, P<0.001). Conclusions: PHES performance was mostly influenced by age and education, and expected results in cirrhotics need to be adjusted for these factors. Our validation of Mexican norms for PHES (PHES-Mex) establishes a practical method for assessing MHE and contributes to international attempts to standardize diagnostic protocols for MHE. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Cognition nationallicence Neuropsychological tests nationallicence PSE-syndrom test nationallicence Digit-symbol test nationallicence Number connection test nationallicence Cirrhosis nationallicence Liver failure nationallicence Duarte-Rojo Andrés Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut Estradas José Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut Hernández-Ramos Roberto Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut Ponce-de-León Sergio Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México aut Córdoba Juan Servicio de Medicina Interna-Hepatología, Hospital Vall d′Hebron, Barcelona, Spain aut Torre Aldo Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/10(2011-10-01), 3014-3023 0163-2116 56:10<3014 2011 56 10620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1684-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1684-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Duarte-Rojo Andrés Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Estradas José Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hernández-Ramos Roberto Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ponce-de-León Sergio Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Córdoba Juan Servicio de Medicina Interna-Hepatología, Hospital Vall d′Hebron, Barcelona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Torre Aldo Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México City, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/10(2011-10-01), 3014-3023 0163-2116 56:10<3014 2011 56 10620 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer