caa a22 4500 445796685 CHVBK 20180317145127.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10620-011-1649-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10620-011-1649-3 Dramatic Changes of the Gut Flora Immediately After Severe and Sudden Insults [Elektronische Daten] [Mineji Hayakawa, Takashi Asahara, Naomi Henzan, Hiromoto Murakami, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Nobutaka Mukai, Yousuke Minami, Masahiro Sugano, Nobuhiko Kubota, Shinji Uegaki, Hisako Kamoshida, Atsushi Sawamura, Koji Nomoto, Satoshi Gando] Background: The gut flora is crucially involved in host homeostasis. However, the changes in the gut flora during the early phase of a critical illness are unknown. Aims: We investigated the changes in the gut flora at an early phase of severe insult in critically ill patients. Methods: Fifteen patients who experienced a sudden and severe insult were studied, along with 12 healthy volunteers as the control group. Fecal samples were acquired from the subjects by swabs of the rectum within 6h after admission to the emergency room (day 0). Samples were serially collected from patients until day 14. Samples were also collected from control subjects. Results: On day 0, total bacterial counts were decreased to one-thousandth the number of the control subjects, in particular, obligate anaerobes and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased. In addition, on day 0, the major short-chain fatty acids of the patients were significantly lower than those of the control subjects. The gut flora and the concentrations of major short-chain fatty acids did not recover to normal levels. In contrast, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas increased during the study period. Conclusions: The gut flora in critically ill patients changed immediately after a severe insult. The concentrations of the three major short-chain fatty acids were immediately decreased in tandem with the destruction of the gut flora. The gut flora and the concentration of major short-chain fatty acids did not improve during the first 2weeks after hospital admission. At the same time, the number of harmful bacteria gradually increased. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Critical illness nationallicence Bacterial translocation nationallicence Short-chain fatty acid nationallicence Probiotics nationallicence Prebiotics nationallicence Synbiotics nationallicence Hayakawa Mineji Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Asahara Takashi Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan aut Henzan Naomi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Murakami Hiromoto Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Yamamoto Hiroshi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Mukai Nobutaka Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Minami Yousuke Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Sugano Masahiro Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Kubota Nobuhiko Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Uegaki Shinji Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Kamoshida Hisako Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Sawamura Atsushi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Nomoto Koji Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan aut Gando Satoshi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/8(2011-08-01), 2361-2365 0163-2116 56:8<2361 2011 56 10620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1649-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1649-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hayakawa Mineji Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Asahara Takashi Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Henzan Naomi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Murakami Hiromoto Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yamamoto Hiroshi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mukai Nobutaka Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Minami Yousuke Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sugano Masahiro Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kubota Nobuhiko Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Uegaki Shinji Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kamoshida Hisako Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sawamura Atsushi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nomoto Koji Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gando Satoshi Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, 060-8648, Sapporo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/8(2011-08-01), 2361-2365 0163-2116 56:8<2361 2011 56 10620 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer