caa a22 4500 445796901 CHVBK 20180317145128.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10620-010-1466-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10620-010-1466-0 Pharmacological Basis for the Medicinal Use of Psyllium Husk (Ispaghula) in Constipation and Diarrhea [Elektronische Daten] [Malik Mehmood, Nauman Aziz, Muhammad Ghayur, Anwarul-Hassan Gilani] Background: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacological basis of the medicinal use of psyllium husk (Ispaghula) in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Methods: In-vivo studies were conducted on mice, and isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum were used in in-vitro experiments. Results: The crude extract of Ispaghula (Po.Cr) had a laxative effect in mice at 100 and 300mg/kg, which was partially sensitive to atropine or SB203186 (5-HT4 antagonist). At higher doses (500 and 1,000mg/kg), Po.Cr had antisecretory and antidiarrheal activity. In guinea-pig ileum, Po.Cr (1-10mg/ml) had a stimulatory effect, which was partially sensitive to atropine or SB203186. In rabbit jejunum, Po.Cr had a partially atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect followed by relaxation at 10mg/ml. The relaxation was inhibited by the presence of l-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, or methylene blue, a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. Similarly, the relaxant effect of Po.Cr on K+ (80mM)-induced contractions, was attenuated in the presence of l-NAME or methylene blue. Activity-directed fractionation of Po.Cr revealed that the gut stimulatory and inhibitory constituents were widely distributed in the aqueous and organic fractions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Ispaghula has a gut-stimulatory effect, mediated partially by muscarinic and 5-HT4 receptor activation, which may complement the laxative effect of its fiber content, and a gut-inhibitory activity possibly mediated by blockade of Ca2+ channels and activation of NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathways. This may explain its medicinal use in diarrhea. It is, perhaps, also intended by nature to offset an excessive stimulant effect. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Plantago ovata nationallicence Psyllium husk nationallicence Ispaghula nationallicence Spasmodic nationallicence Laxative nationallicence Antispasmodic nationallicence Antidiarrheal nationallicence Mehmood Malik Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut Aziz Nauman Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut Ghayur Muhammad Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut Gilani Anwarul-Hassan Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/5(2011-05-01), 1460-1471 0163-2116 56:5<1460 2011 56 10620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1466-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1466-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mehmood Malik Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aziz Nauman Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ghayur Muhammad Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gilani Anwarul-Hassan Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/5(2011-05-01), 1460-1471 0163-2116 56:5<1460 2011 56 10620 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer