caa a22 4500 445797606 CHVBK 20180317145130.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7 Growth of M. avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Culture Is Enhanced by Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, and α and β Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide [Elektronische Daten] [Robert Greenstein, Liya Su, Sheldon Brown] Background: Without known mechanisms of action, Crohn's disease is exacerbated, and ulcerative colitis is improved, by the use of tobacco. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) may be zoonotic. We hypothesized that tobacco components might alter the growth kinetics of MAP, explaining these divergent clinical observations. Methods: The effect of nicotine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and α and β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (α and β NAD) were studied on eight strains of three mycobacterial species (MAP, M. avium and M. tb. complex). Data are obtained as "cumulative growth index,” (cGI) and presented as "percent increase in cumulative GI” (%+ΔcGI). Results: Nicotinic acid enhances the two human MAP isolates (Dominic; 225%+ΔcGI and UCF-4; 92%+ΔcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 175%+ΔcGI). Nicotinamide (at 6.4µg/ml) enhances the human MAP isolates (Dominic; 156%+ΔcGI and UCF-4; 79%+ΔcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 144%+ΔcGI.) Both α and β NAD enhance Dominic; (135 and 150 %+ΔcGI) and UCF-4; (81 and 79%+ΔcGI). At the doses tested, nicotine has no effect on any strain studied. Conclusions: We show enhancement of MAP growth by nicotinic acid, one of ≥4,000 tobacco-related molecules, its amide, nicotinamide and α and β NAD. Pure nicotine has no enhancing effect at the doses studies. US Government, 2010 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis nationallicence Tobacco nationallicence Crohn's disease nationallicence Zoonosis nationallicence Emerging pathogens nationallicence Nicotine nationallicence Nicotinic acid nationallicence Nicotinamide nationallicence α and β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nationallicence Inflammatory bowel disease nationallicence Greenstein Robert Department of Surgery, James J. Peters VAMC, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd, 10468, Bronx, NY, USA aut Su Liya Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA aut Brown Sheldon Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA aut Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/2(2011-02-01), 368-375 0163-2116 56:2<368 2011 56 10620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Greenstein Robert Department of Surgery, James J. Peters VAMC, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd, 10468, Bronx, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Su Liya Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brown Sheldon Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/2(2011-02-01), 368-375 0163-2116 56:2<368 2011 56 10620 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer