caa a22 4500 445797657 CHVBK 20180317145131.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10620-011-1736-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10620-011-1736-5 Fatty Liver Is Associated with Recurrent Bacterial Infections Independent of Metabolic Syndrome [Elektronische Daten] [William Nseir, Hussein Taha, Julnar Khateeb, Maria Grosovski, Nimer Assy] Background: Diabetes mellitus and obesity are important components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) which are associated with infections. MetS is frequent in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aims: The objective of this study was to examine whether patients with NAFLD are at higher risk of recurrent bacterial infections (RBIs). Methods: Two-hundred and forty-seven from 296 hospitalized NAFLD patients were assessed over a three-year period for the occurrence of RBIs and were compared with 100 age and gender-matched patients without NAFLD, who were hospitalized over the same period because of a bacterial infection. An RBI was defined as: ≥2 episodes of bacterial infections per year for a period of three consecutive years. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Biomarkers of inflammation, the level of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and serum vitamin D levels were measured. Results: NAFLD patients had significantly more RBIs than the patients without NAFLD (22% vs. 8%; P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that age, BMI, male waist circumference, serum 25(OH)D, triglycerides, serum malondialdehyde, and paraoxonase-1 are associated with RBIs in NAFLD patients. Multivariate analysis showed that NAFLD (odds ratio (OR)=3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.6-4.2, P<0.001), serum 25(OH)D level <20ng/mL (OR=2.6; 95% CI 2.4-3.1, P=0.01), obesity (BMI >30kg/m2 (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.9, P=0.02) were associated with RBIs, irrespective of MetS. Conclusions: NAFLD is associated with increased risk of RBIs irrespective of MetS. Vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in NAFLD and is associated with increased risk of RBIs. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Fatty liver nationallicence Recurrent bacterial infections nationallicence Vitamin D nationallicence Metabolic syndrome nationallicence Nseir William Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut Taha Hussein Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut Khateeb Julnar Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut Grosovski Maria Department of Biotechnology, Ort-Braud College, Karmiel, Israel aut Assy Nimer Liver Unit, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel aut Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/11(2011-11-01), 3328-3334 0163-2116 56:11<3328 2011 56 10620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1736-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1736-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nseir William Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Taha Hussein Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khateeb Julnar Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, P.O.B. 8, 16100, Nazareth, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grosovski Maria Department of Biotechnology, Ort-Braud College, Karmiel, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Assy Nimer Liver Unit, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Digestive Diseases and Sciences Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 56/11(2011-11-01), 3328-3334 0163-2116 56:11<3328 2011 56 10620 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer