caa a22 4500 445805730 CHVBK 20180317145155.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10611-011-9327-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10611-011-9327-0 Policing the industrial reserve army: An international study [Elektronische Daten] [George Rigakos, Aysegul Ergul] Over the past three decades, the industrialized world has witnessed four resilient social trends: (1) the consistent erosion of union-membership; (2) an increase in income polarization and inequality; (3) a dramatic resurgence in popular protest; and (4) a steady rise in public and private policing employment. In this paper, we examine the relationship between these trends by theorizing and operationalizing the notion of the "industrial reserve army” and a series of related tenets in order to conduct an international (N = 45), empirical test of a nascent Marxian model of policing. By treating total policing employment as an empirical barometer of bourgeois insecurity we find that this insecurity is conditioned by two elements of Marxian political economy: (1) relative deprivation (income inequality) and (2) the rise of an industrial reserve army (manufacturing employment and unemployment). Second, while surplus value and labour militancy (strikes and lockouts per 100,000 population) rise along with union membership, the presence of higher rates of unionization appears to ameliorate the need for more policing in all but post-USSR countries. While unions assist in checking the immiseration of workers through labour actions, union membership is nonetheless inversely correlated to policing employment, giving credence to the Marxian idea that while unions help mitigate against the exploitation workers, they also act as "lieutenants of capital,” performing an essential policing function under capitalism. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Rigakos George Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada aut Ergul Aysegul Department of Political Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada aut Crime, Law and Social Change Springer Netherlands 56/4(2011-11-01), 329-371 0925-4994 56:4<329 2011 56 10611 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9327-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9327-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rigakos George Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ergul Aysegul Department of Political Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Crime, Law and Social Change Springer Netherlands 56/4(2011-11-01), 329-371 0925-4994 56:4<329 2011 56 10611 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer