caa a22 4500 445806559 CHVBK 20180317145158.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10745-011-9392-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10745-011-9392-0 Ruf François UMR Innovation, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France aut The Myth of Complex Cocoa Agroforests: The Case of Ghana [Elektronische Daten] [François Ruf] Most researchers defend cocoa agroforests as a model, which guarantees sustainable cocoa production while protecting biodiversity. However, in most countries, farmers' strategies favour "full sun” cocoa farms, close to the concept of monoculture. Why this apparent paradox? Field surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2008 with 180 migrant and autochthon farmers in four districts of Ghana, including some measurements at the farm plot level and satellite images in a fifth district. An analytical grid shows how factors interact. Adoption of sun-loving hybrids; farmers' negative perception of ecological services in relation to hybrids; legislation excluding smallholders from the legal timber market; recent expansion of the timber industry; and the migratory phenomenon. Most smallholders consider complex cocoa agroforests as a thing of the past. They were designed at a time when land and forests were abundant. The future of cocoa and timber may lie in ‘light commercial-oriented agroforests' or a kind of mosaic landscape. The Author(s), 2011 Deforestation nationallicence Agroforest nationallicence Timber nationallicence Tree tenure nationallicence Migration nationallicence Abunu contract nationallicence Ghana nationallicence Human Ecology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 39/3(2011-06-01), 373-388 0300-7839 39:3<373 2011 39 10745 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9392-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9392-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Ruf François UMR Innovation, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Human Ecology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 39/3(2011-06-01), 373-388 0300-7839 39:3<373 2011 39 10745 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer