caa a22 4500 445814209 CHVBK 20180317145220.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10712-011-9130-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10712-011-9130-6 Interaction Between the Warm Subsurface Atlantic Water in the Sermilik Fjord and Helheim Glacier in Southeast Greenland [Elektronische Daten] [Ola Johannessen, Alexander Korablev, Victoria Miles, Martin Miles, Knut Solberg] Recent observations of ocean temperature in several Greenland fjords suggest that ocean warming can cause large changes in the outlet glaciers in these fjords. We have observed the Helheim outlet-glacier front in the Sermilik Fjord over the last three decades using satellite images, and the vertical fjord temperature and salinity during three summer expeditions, 2008-2010. We show that the subsurface water below 250m depth is the warm saline Atlantic Water from the Irminger Sea penetrating into the fjord and exposing the lower part of the Helheim glacier to warm water up to 4°C. Lagged correlation analysis spanning the 30-year time series, using the subsurface Atlantic Water temperature off the coast as a proxy for the variability of the subsurface warm Atlantic Water in the fjord, indicates that 24% of the Helheim ice-front movement can be accounted for by ocean temperature. A strong correlation (-0.75) between the ice-front position and the surface air temperature from a nearby meteorological station suggests that the higher air temperature causes melting and subsequent downward percolation of meltwater through crevasses leading to basal lubrication; the correlation accounts for 56% of the ice-front movement. The precise contribution of air temperature versus ocean temperature however, remains an open question, as more oceanographic and meteorological measurements are needed close to the glacier terminus. The Author(s), 2011 Greenland outlet glaciers nationallicence Ocean warming nationallicence Surface melting nationallicence Johannessen Ola Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut Korablev Alexander Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut Miles Victoria Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut Miles Martin Uni Research—Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007, Bergen, Norway aut Solberg Knut Fotspor.org, Oslo, Norway aut Surveys in Geophysics Springer Netherlands 32/4-5(2011-09-01), 387-396 0169-3298 32:4-5<387 2011 32 10712 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9130-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9130-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Johannessen Ola Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Korablev Alexander Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miles Victoria Mohn Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Research at Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Nansen Scientific Society, Thormøhlensgate 47, 5006, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miles Martin Uni Research—Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Solberg Knut Fotspor.org, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Surveys in Geophysics Springer Netherlands 32/4-5(2011-09-01), 387-396 0169-3298 32:4-5<387 2011 32 10712 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer