caa a22 4500 445815833 CHVBK 20180317145228.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11214-011-9831-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11214-011-9831-7 Ion Energization and Escape on Mars and Venus [Elektronische Daten] [E. Dubinin, M. Fraenz, A. Fedorov, R. Lundin, N. Edberg, F. Duru, O. Vaisberg] Mars and Venus do not have a global magnetic field and as a result solar wind interacts directly with their ionospheres and upper atmospheres. Neutral atoms ionized by solar UV, charge exchange and electron impact, are extracted and scavenged by solar wind providing a significant loss of planetary volatiles. There are different channels and routes through which the ionized planetary matter escapes from the planets. Processes of ion energization driven by direct solar wind forcing and their escape are intimately related. Forces responsible for ion energization in different channels are different and, correspondingly, the effectiveness of escape is also different. Classification of the energization processes and escape channels on Mars and Venus and also their variability with solar wind parameters is the main topic of our review. We will distinguish between classical pickup and ‘mass-loaded' pickup processes, energization in boundary layer and plasma sheet, polar winds on unmagnetized planets with magnetized ionospheres and enhanced escape flows from localized auroral regions in the regions filled by strong crustal magnetic fields. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Mars: magnetosphere nationallicence Mars: ionosphere nationallicence Venus: magnetosphere nationallicence Venus: ionosphere nationallicence Sun: solar wind nationallicence Dubinin E. MPI für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany aut Fraenz M. MPI für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany aut Fedorov A. Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulose, France aut Lundin R. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden aut Edberg N. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden aut Duru F. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa University, Iowa, USA aut Vaisberg O. Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia aut Space Science Reviews Springer Netherlands 162/1-4(2011-12-01), 173-211 0038-6308 162:1-4<173 2011 162 11214 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9831-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9831-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dubinin E. MPI für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fraenz M. MPI für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fedorov A. Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulose, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lundin R. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Edberg N. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Duru F. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa University, Iowa, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vaisberg O. Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Space Science Reviews Springer Netherlands 162/1-4(2011-12-01), 173-211 0038-6308 162:1-4<173 2011 162 11214 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer