caa a22 4500 445820241 CHVBK 20180317145241.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00338-010-0714-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00338-010-0714-2 Ecomorphology of the eyes and skull in zooplanktivorous labrid fishes [Elektronische Daten] [L. Schmitz, P. Wainwright] Zooplanktivory is one of the most distinct trophic niches in coral reef fishes, and a number of skull traits are widely recognized as being adaptations for feeding in midwater on small planktonic prey. Previous studies have concluded that zooplanktivores have larger eyes for sharper visual acuity, reduced mouth structures to match small prey sizes, and longer gill rakers to help retain captured prey. We tested these three traditional hypotheses plus two novel adaptive hypotheses in labrids, a clade of very diverse coral reef fishes that show multiple independent evolutionary origins of zooplanktivory. Using phylogenetic comparative methods with a data set from 21 species, we failed to find larger eyes in three independent transitions to zooplanktivory. Instead, an impression of large eyes may be caused by a size reduction of the anterior facial region. However, two zooplanktivores (Clepticus parrae and Halichoeres pictus) possess several features interpreted as adaptations to zooplankton feeding, namely large lens diameters relative to eye axial length, round pupil shape, and long gill rakers. The third zooplanktivore in our analysis, Cirrhilabrus solorensis, lacks all above features. It remains unclear whether Cirrhilabrus shows optical specializations for capturing planktonic prey. Our results support the prediction that increased visual acuity is adaptive for zooplanktivory, but in labrids increases in eye size are apparently not part of the evolutionary response. The Author(s), 2011 Zooplanktivory nationallicence Labrids nationallicence Visual acuity nationallicence Eyeball morphology nationallicence Adaptation nationallicence Coral reef fish nationallicence Schmitz L. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA aut Wainwright P. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA aut Coral Reefs Springer-Verlag 30/2(2011-06-01), 415-428 0722-4028 30:2<415 2011 30 338 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0714-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0714-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmitz L. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wainwright P. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Coral Reefs Springer-Verlag 30/2(2011-06-01), 415-428 0722-4028 30:2<415 2011 30 338 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer