caa a22 4500 445820861 CHVBK 20180317145243.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00239-011-9469-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00239-011-9469-9 Evolution of the TOR Pathway [Elektronische Daten] [Teunis van Dam, Fried Zwartkruis, Johannes Bos, Berend Snel] The TOR kinase is a major regulator of growth in eukaryotes. Many components of the TOR pathway are implicated in cancer and metabolic diseases in humans. Analysis of the evolution of TOR and its pathway may provide fundamental insight into the evolution of growth regulation in eukaryotes and provide a practical framework on which experimental evidence can be compared between species. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses on the components of the TOR pathway and determined their point of invention. We find that the two TOR complexes and a large part of the TOR pathway originated before the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor and form a core to which new inputs have been added during animal evolution. In addition, we provide insight into how duplications and sub-functionalization of the S6K, RSK, SGK and PKB kinases shaped the complexity of the TOR pathway. In yeast we identify novel AGC kinases that are orthologous to the S6 kinase. These results demonstrate how a vital signaling pathway can be both highly conserved and flexible in eukaryotes. The Author(s), 2011 TOR nationallicence Pathway evolution nationallicence Rheb nationallicence TSC1-2 complex nationallicence AGC kinases nationallicence van Dam Teunis Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Zwartkruis Fried Department Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Bos Johannes Department Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Snel Berend Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 73/3-4(2011-10-01), 209-220 0022-2844 73:3-4<209 2011 73 239 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-011-9469-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-011-9469-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Dam Teunis Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zwartkruis Fried Department Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bos Johannes Department Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Snel Berend Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 73/3-4(2011-10-01), 209-220 0022-2844 73:3-4<209 2011 73 239 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer