caa a22 4500 445821183 CHVBK 20180317145244.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00239-010-9401-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00239-010-9401-8 Large Tandem, Higher Order Repeats and Regularly Dispersed Repeat Units Contribute Substantially to Divergence Between Human and Chimpanzee Y Chromosomes [Elektronische Daten] [Vladimir Paar, Matko Glunčić, Ivan Basar, Marija Rosandić, Petar Paar, Mislav Cvitković] Comparison of human and chimpanzee genomes has received much attention, because of paramount role for understanding evolutionary step distinguishing us from our closest living relative. In order to contribute to insight into Y chromosome evolutionary history, we study and compare tandems, higher order repeats (HORs), and regularly dispersed repeats in human and chimpanzee Y chromosome contigs, using robust Global Repeat Map algorithm. We find a new type of long-range acceleration, human-accelerated HOR regions. In peripheral domains of 35mer human alphoid HORs, we find riddled features with ten additional repeat monomers. In chimpanzee, we identify 30mer alphoid HOR. We construct alphoid HOR schemes showing significant human-chimpanzee difference, revealing rapid evolution after human-chimpanzee separation. We identify and analyze over 20 large repeat units, most of them reported here for the first time as: chimpanzee and human ~1.6kb 3mer secondary repeat unit (SRU) and ~23.5kb tertiary repeat unit (~0.55kb primary repeat unit, PRU); human 10848, 15775, 20309, 60910, and 72140bp PRUs; human 3mer SRU (~2.4kb PRU); 715mer and 1123mer SRUs (5mer PRU); chimpanzee 5096, 10762, 10853, 60523bp PRUs; and chimpanzee 64624bp SRU (10853bp PRU). We show that substantial human-chimpanzee differences are concentrated in large repeat structures, at the level of as much as ~70% divergence, sizably exceeding previous numerical estimates for some selected noncoding sequences. Smeared over the whole sequenced assembly (25Mb) this gives ~14% human-chimpanzee divergence. This is significantly higher estimate of divergence between human and chimpanzee than previous estimates. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Human genome nationallicence Chimpanzee genome nationallicence Y chromosome nationallicence Male-specific region nationallicence Higher order repeat nationallicence Tandem repeat nationallicence Alpha satellite nationallicence Global Repeat Map nationallicence Evolution genetics nationallicence Long-range regulatory elements nationallicence Paar Vladimir Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Glunčić Matko Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Basar Ivan Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Rosandić Marija Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rebro, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Paar Petar Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Cvitković Mislav Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/1(2011-01-01), 34-55 0022-2844 72:1<34 2011 72 239 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9401-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9401-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paar Vladimir Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Glunčić Matko Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Basar Ivan Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rosandić Marija Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rebro, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paar Petar Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cvitković Mislav Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/1(2011-01-01), 34-55 0022-2844 72:1<34 2011 72 239 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer