caa a22 4500 445821205 CHVBK 20180317145244.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00239-010-9427-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00239-010-9427-y Deleterious Mutations of a Claw Keratin in Multiple Taxa of Reptiles [Elektronische Daten] [Luisa Dalla Valle, Francesca Benato, Chiara Rossi, Lorenzo Alibardi, Erwin Tschachler, Leopold Eckhart] We have recently shown that homologs of mammalian hair keratins are expressed in the claws of the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. To test whether reptilian hair keratin homologs are functionally associated with claws, we investigated the conservation of the prototypical reptilian hair keratin homolog, hard acidic keratin 1 (HA1), in representative species from all main clades of reptiles. A complete cDNA of HA1 was cloned from the claw-forming epidermis of the lacertid lizard Podarcis sicula, and partial HA1 gene sequences could be amplified from genomic DNA of tuatara, lizards, gekkos, turtles, and crocodiles. In contrast, the HA1 gene of the limbless slow worm, Anguis fragilis, and of two species of turtles contained at least one deleterious mutation. Moreover, an HA1 gene was undetectable in the softshell turtle, snakes, and birds. Mapping the presence and absence of HA1 onto the phylogenetic tree of sauropsids suggested that the HA1 gene has been lost independently in several lineages of reptiles. The species distribution of HA1 is compatible with the hypothesis of a primary function of HA1 in claws but also shows that the formation of reptilian claws does not strictly depend on this keratin. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Keratin nationallicence Claw nationallicence Reptiles nationallicence Epidermis nationallicence Gene loss nationallicence Sauropsids nationallicence Hair nationallicence Dalla Valle Luisa Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut Benato Francesca Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut Rossi Chiara Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut Alibardi Lorenzo Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy aut Tschachler Erwin Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut Eckhart Leopold Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/3(2011-03-01), 265-273 0022-2844 72:3<265 2011 72 239 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9427-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9427-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dalla Valle Luisa Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Benato Francesca Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rossi Chiara Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Alibardi Lorenzo Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tschachler Erwin Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eckhart Leopold Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/3(2011-03-01), 265-273 0022-2844 72:3<265 2011 72 239 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer