caa a22 4500 445821310 CHVBK 20180317145245.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00239-011-9445-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00239-011-9445-4 Amino Acid Biosynthetic Cost and Protein Conservation [Elektronische Daten] [Esley Heizer Jr., Michael Raymer, Dan Krane] Protein products of highly expressed genes tend to favor amino acids that have lower average biosynthetic costs (i.e., they exhibit metabolic efficiency). While this trend has been observed in several studies, the specific sites where cost-reducing substitutions accumulate have not been well characterized. Toward that end, weighted costs in conserved and variable positions were evaluated across a total of 9,119 homologous proteins in four mammalian orders (primate, carnivore, rodent, and artiodactyls), which together contain a total of 20,457,072 amino acids. Degree of conservation at homologous positions in these mammalian proteins and average-weighted cost across all positions within a single protein are significantly correlated. Dividing human genes into two classes (those with and those without CpG islands in their promoters) suggests that humans also preferentially utilize less costly amino acids in highly expressed genes. In contrast to the intuitive expectation that the relatively weak selective force associated with metabolic efficiency would be a selection pressure in complex multicellular organisms, the overall level of selective constraint within the variable regions of mammalian proteins allows the metabolic efficiency to derive a reduction of overall biosynthetic cost, particularly in genes with the highest levels of expression. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Metabolic efficiency nationallicence CpG islands nationallicence Amino acid nationallicence Conservation nationallicence Biosynthetic cost nationallicence Substitution nationallicence Bioinformatics nationallicence Heizer Jr. Esley Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn, Highway, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut Raymer Michael Computer Science Department, Wright State University, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut Krane Dan Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn, Highway, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/5-6(2011-06-01), 466-473 0022-2844 72:5-6<466 2011 72 239 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-011-9445-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-011-9445-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heizer Jr Esley Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn, Highway, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Raymer Michael Computer Science Department, Wright State University, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Krane Dan Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn, Highway, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Molecular Evolution Springer-Verlag 72/5-6(2011-06-01), 466-473 0022-2844 72:5-6<466 2011 72 239 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer