caa a22 4500 445829532 CHVBK 20180317145309.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10657-011-9217-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10657-011-9217-z Graf Gerhard Privatdozent at the Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Weinbergstraße 32, 55268, Nieder-Olm, Germany aut Some stylised facts about cash and black economies in Germany [Elektronische Daten] [Gerhard Graf] The currency approach assumes black economies to entail larger cash volumes than those needed for transactions in the official economy. Estimates of this hypothesis use e.g. overall cash data. But, for the case of Germany, the growing DM cash amounts in circulation did not only accompany transactions in the national economy, they also disseminated in hoards and in international uses. A series of adjusted cash figures is derived which shows the maximum dimension of national cash uses either for official or black activities. The adjusted cash figures in general grew less fast than overall cash, private consumption, GDP or M1 respectively. They even diminished relative to sales figures which often are accused of being a basis for black activities. This enhances the presumption that, contrary to some contentions in the literature, black activities during the times of the DM-regime played a minor or even decreasing role in Germany. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Black economies nationallicence Cash demand nationallicence Germany nationallicence European Journal of Law and Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/1(2011-08-01), 51-67 0929-1261 32:1<51 2011 32 10657 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-011-9217-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-011-9217-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Graf Gerhard Privatdozent at the Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Weinbergstraße 32, 55268, Nieder-Olm, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Law and Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/1(2011-08-01), 51-67 0929-1261 32:1<51 2011 32 10657 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer