caa a22 4500 445829745 CHVBK 20180317145310.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10657-010-9198-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10657-010-9198-3 Ramello Giovanni Department of Public Policy & Public Choice, POLIS, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Cavour, 84, 15100, Alessandria, Italy aut Property rights and externalities: the uneasy case of knowledge [Elektronische Daten] [Giovanni Ramello] Drawing from Coase's methodological lesson, this article discusses the specific case of knowledge, which was for a long time chiefly governed by exchange mechanisms lying outside the market, and has only recently been brought into the market. Its recent, heavy "colonization” by the property paradigm has progressively elicited criticism from commentators who, for various reasons, believe that the market can play only a limited role in pursuing efficiency in the knowledge domain. The article agrees with the enounced thesis and tries to provide an explanation of it that relates to the fact that in specific circumstances property-rights can produce distinct market failures that affect the social cost and can consequently prevent attainment of social welfare. In particular, the arguments set forth here concern three distinct externalities that arise when enforcing a property rights system over knowledge. First, the existence of a property right may itself alter individual preferences and social norms, thus causing specific changes in individuals' behaviour. Second, the idiosyncratic nature of knowledge, as a collective and inherently indivisible entity, means that its full propertization can be expected to produce significant harm. Third, property rights can cause endogenous drifts in the market structure arising from the exclusive power granted to the right holder: though generally intended as a necessary mechanism for extracting a price from the consumer, in the knowledge domain property rights can become a device for extracting rents from the market. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Property rights nationallicence Intellectual property nationallicence Knowledge nationallicence Invention nationallicence Indivisibility nationallicence Externalities nationallicence Efficiency nationallicence European Journal of Law and Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 31/1(2011-02-01), 123-141 0929-1261 31:1<123 2011 31 10657 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9198-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9198-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Ramello Giovanni Department of Public Policy & Public Choice, POLIS, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Cavour, 84, 15100, Alessandria, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Law and Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 31/1(2011-02-01), 123-141 0929-1261 31:1<123 2011 31 10657 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer