caa a22 4500 445838140 CHVBK 20180317145336.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x The Development of Human Expertise in a Complex Environment [Elektronische Daten] [Michael Harré, Terry Bossomaier, Allan Snyder] We introduce an innovative technique that quantifies human expertise development in such a way that humans and artificial systems can be directly compared. Using this technique we are able to highlight certain fundamental difficulties associated with the learning of a complex task that humans are still exceptionally better at than their computer counterparts. We demonstrate that expertise goes through significant developmental transitions that have previously been predicted but never explicated. The first signals the onset of a steady increase in global awareness that begins surprisingly late in expertise acquisition. The second transition, reached by only a very few experts in the world, shows a major reorganisation of global contextual knowledge resulting in a relatively minor gain in skill. We are able to show that these empirical findings have consequences for our understanding of the way in which expertise acquisition may be modelled by learning in artificial intelligence systems. This point is emphasised with a novel theoretical result showing explicitly how our findings imply a non-trivial hurdle for learning for suitably complex tasks. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Expertise nationallicence Information theory nationallicence Games nationallicence Decision theory nationallicence Harré Michael Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut Bossomaier Terry Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia aut Snyder Allan Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut Minds and Machines Springer Netherlands 21/3(2011-08-01), 449-464 0924-6495 21:3<449 2011 21 11023 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Harré Michael Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bossomaier Terry Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Snyder Allan Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Minds and Machines Springer Netherlands 21/3(2011-08-01), 449-464 0924-6495 21:3<449 2011 21 11023 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer