caa a22 4500 445841214 CHVBK 20180317145344.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10725-010-9510-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10725-010-9510-9 Enhancement of artemisinin content and biomass in Artemisia annua by exogenous GA3 treatment [Elektronische Daten] [Waleerat Banyai, Masahiro Mii, Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana] Artemisinin is a promising and potent antimalarial drug naturally produced by the plant Artemisia annua L. but in very low yield. Its artemisinin content is known to be greatly affected by both genotype and environmental factors. In this study, the production of artemisinin and leaf biomass in Artemisia annua L. was significantly increased by exogenous GA3 treatment. The effect of GA3 application on expression of proposed key enzymes involved in artemisinin yield was examined in both wild type (007) and FPS-overexpression (253-2) lines of A. annua. In the wild type (007) at 6h post GA3 application there was an abrupt rise in FPS, ADS and CYP71AV1 expression and at 24h a temporary and significant peak in artemisinin (1.45-fold higher than the control). After GA3 application in line 253-2, there was a dramatic rise in expression of FPS at 3h, CYP71AV1 at 9h and ADS at 72h and accumulation of artemisinin after 7days, which was a delay when compared with the wild type plant. Thus, increased artemisinin content from exogenous GA3 treatment was associated with increased expression of key enzymes in the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, exogenous GA3 continuously enhanced artemisinin content from the vegetative stage to flower initiation in both plant lines and gave significantly higher leaf biomass than in control plants. Consequently, the artemisinin yield in GA3-treated plants was much higher than in control plants. Although the maximum artemisinin content was found at the full blooming stage [2.1% dry weight (DW) in 007 and 2.4% DW in 253-2], the highest artemisinin yield in GA3-treated plants was obtained during the flower initiation stage (2.4mg/plant in 007 and 2.3mg/plant in 235-2). This was 26.3 and 27.8% higher, respectively, than in non-treated plants 007 and 253-2. This study showed that exogenous GA3 treatment enhanced artemisinin production in pot experiments and should be suitable for field application. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 Artemisia annua nationallicence GA3 nationallicence Artemisinin nationallicence Gene expression nationallicence Flowering nationallicence ADS : Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase nationallicence CYP71AV1 : Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nationallicence DW : Dry weight nationallicence EF1-α : Elongation factor 1 alpha nationallicence FPS : Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase nationallicence FW : Fresh weight nationallicence GA : Gibberellic acid nationallicence qPCR : Quantitative Real-time PCR nationallicence Banyai Waleerat Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand aut Mii Masahiro Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 271-8510, Chiba, Japan aut Supaibulwatana Kanyaratt Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand aut Plant Growth Regulation Springer Netherlands 63/1(2011-01-01), 45-54 0167-6903 63:1<45 2011 63 10725 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-010-9510-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-010-9510-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Banyai Waleerat Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mii Masahiro Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 271-8510, Chiba, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Supaibulwatana Kanyaratt Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Growth Regulation Springer Netherlands 63/1(2011-01-01), 45-54 0167-6903 63:1<45 2011 63 10725 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer