caa a22 4500 445844582 CHVBK 20180317145354.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10798-010-9130-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10798-010-9130-8 What pupils can learn from working with robotic direct manipulation environments [Elektronische Daten] [Lou Slangen, Hanno van Keulen, Koeno Gravemeijer] This study investigates what pupils aged 10-12 can learn from working with robots, assuming that understanding robotics is a sign of technological literacy. We conducted cognitive and conceptual analysis to develop a frame of reference for determining pupils' understanding of robotics. Four perspectives were distinguished with increasing sophistication; "psychological”, "technological”, "function”, and "controlled system”. Using Lego® Mindstorms® NXT robots, as an example of a Direct Manipulation Environment, we developed and conducted a lesson plan to investigate pupils' reasoning patterns. There is ample evidence that pupils have little difficulty in understanding that robots are man-made technological and functional artifacts. Pupils' understanding of the controlled system concept, more specifically the complex sense-reason-act loop that is characteristic of robotics, can be fostered by means of problem solving tasks. The results are discussed with respect to pupils' developing technological literacy and the possibilities for teaching and learning in primary education. The Author(s), 2010 Technological literacy nationallicence Robotics nationallicence Direct manipulation environments nationallicence Primary education nationallicence Technology education nationallicence Programming nationallicence Robotic concepts nationallicence Mind tools nationallicence Slangen Lou Teacher Training Institute Pabo Limburg, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 558, 6130 AN, Sittard, The Netherlands aut van Keulen Hanno Teacher Training Institute Pabo Limburg, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 558, 6130 AN, Sittard, The Netherlands aut Gravemeijer Koeno Eindhoven School of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands aut International Journal of Technology and Design Education Springer Netherlands 21/4(2011-11-01), 449-469 0957-7572 21:4<449 2011 21 10798 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-010-9130-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-010-9130-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Slangen Lou Teacher Training Institute Pabo Limburg, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 558, 6130 AN, Sittard, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Keulen Hanno Teacher Training Institute Pabo Limburg, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 558, 6130 AN, Sittard, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gravemeijer Koeno Eindhoven School of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Journal of Technology and Design Education Springer Netherlands 21/4(2011-11-01), 449-469 0957-7572 21:4<449 2011 21 10798 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer