caa a22 4500 445845740 CHVBK 20180317145358.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10709-010-9513-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10709-010-9513-5 Niche explosion [Elektronische Daten] [Benjamin Normark, Norman Johnson] The following syndrome of features occurs in several groups of phytophagous insects: (1) wingless females, (2) dispersal by larvae, (3) woody hosts, (4) extreme polyphagy, (5) high abundance, resulting in status as economic pests, (6) invasiveness, and (7) obligate parthenogenesis in some populations. If extreme polyphagy is defined as feeding on 20 or more families of hostplants, this syndrome is found convergently in several species of bagworm moths, tussock moths, root weevils, and 5 families of scale insects. We hypothesize that extreme polyphagy in these taxa results from "niche explosion”, a positive feedback loop connecting large population size to broad host range. The niche explosion has a demographic component (sometimes called the "amplification effect” in studies of pathogens) as well as a population-genetic component, due mainly to the increased effectiveness of natural selection in larger populations. The frequent origins of parthenogenesis in extreme polyphages are, in our interpretation, a consequence of this increased effectiveness of natural selection and consequent reduced importance of sexuality. The niche explosion hypothesis makes detailed predictions about the comparative genomics and population genetics of extreme polyphages and related specialists. It has a number of potentially important implications, including an explanation for the lack of observed trade-offs between generalists and specialists, a re-interpretation of the ecological correlates of parthenogenesis, and a general expectation that Malthusian population explosions may be amplified by Darwinian effects. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 Coccoidea nationallicence Flightlessness nationallicence Generalist nationallicence Host range nationallicence Invasive species nationallicence Mutational meltdown nationallicence Niche breadth nationallicence Pest nationallicence Population genetics nationallicence Specialist nationallicence Winglessness nationallicence Winter moth syndrome nationallicence Normark Benjamin Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut Johnson Norman Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/5(2011-05-01), 551-564 0016-6707 139:5<551 2011 139 10709 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9513-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9513-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Normark Benjamin Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Johnson Norman Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/5(2011-05-01), 551-564 0016-6707 139:5<551 2011 139 10709 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer