caa a22 4500 445845880 CHVBK 20180317145359.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10709-012-9645-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10709-012-9645-x Adaptive evolution of Xa21 homologs in Gramineae [Elektronische Daten] [Shengjun Tan, Dan Wang, Jing Ding, Dacheng Tian, Xiaohui Zhang, Sihai Yang] The XA21 protein has broad spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Although Xa21-mediated immunity is well characterized, little is known about the origin and evolutionary history of this gene in grasses. Therefore, we analyzed all Xa21 gene homologs in eight whole-genome sequenced rice lines, as well as in four gramineous genomes, rice, Brachypodium, sorghum and maize; using Arabidopsis Xa21 homologs as outgroups, 17, 7, 7 and 3 Xa21 homologs were detected in these four grasses, respectively. Synteny and phylogenetic analysis showed that frequent gene translocation, duplication and/or loss, have occurred at Xa21 homologous loci, suggesting that they have undergone or are undergoing rapid generation of copy number variations. Within the rice species, the high level of nucleotide diversity between Xa21-like orthologs showed a strong association with the presence/absence haplotypes, suggesting that the genetic structure of rice lines plays an important role in the variations between these Xa21-like orthologs. Strongly positive selection was detected in the core region of the leucine-rich repeat domains of the Xa21 subclade among the rice lines, indicating that the rapid gene diversification of Xa21 homologs may be a strategy for a given species to adapt to the changing spectrum of species-specific pathogens. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012 Xa21 nationallicence Adaptive evolution nationallicence Syntenic block nationallicence Positive selection nationallicence Tan Shengjun State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Wang Dan State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Ding Jing State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Tian Dacheng State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Zhang Xiaohui State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Yang Sihai State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/11-12(2011-12-01), 1465-1475 0016-6707 139:11-12<1465 2011 139 10709 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9645-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9645-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tan Shengjun State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Dan State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ding Jing State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tian Dacheng State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Xiaohui State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yang Sihai State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/11-12(2011-12-01), 1465-1475 0016-6707 139:11-12<1465 2011 139 10709 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer