caa a22 4500 445845961 CHVBK 20180317145359.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10709-010-9540-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10709-010-9540-2 Rapid evolution of osmoregulatory function by modification of gene transcription in steelhead trout [Elektronische Daten] [Tutku Aykanat, Frank Thrower, Daniel Heath] Populations experiencing sudden environmental change must be capable of rapidly evolving to survive. Here we explore changes in gene transcription as a mechanism for rapid adaptation at four osmoregulatory genes (CFTR I, NaK ATPase1αa, NaK ATPase1αb and GHRII) in anadromous steelhead trout versus a derived land-locked population after 14 generations. Transcription was measured before and after a 24-h saltwater challenge in pure and reciprocal hybrid offspring of fish from both populations reared in a common environment for two generations. Significant differences between the landlocked and migratory populations were observed, particularly in fresh water at the NaK ATPase1αa and GHRII genes, indicating rapid evolutionary change, possibly associated with reduced energy expenditure in the landlocked lake system. Phenotypic divergence analysis (Q ST) shows that the observed transcriptional differences deviate from neutral expectations. Some reciprocal crosses exhibited anomalous transcription consistent with sex-linked epistatic or genetic imprinting effects. Our results highlight unpredictable phenotypic outcomes of hybridization among locally adapted populations and the need to exercise caution when interbreeding populations for conservation purposes. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Gene transcription nationallicence Epistasis nationallicence Non-additive genetic variance nationallicence Reciprocal crosses nationallicence Rapid evolution nationallicence Aykanat Tutku Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada aut Thrower Frank Auke Bay Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fishery Service, 17109 Pt Lena Lp Rd., 99801, Juneau, AK, USA aut Heath Daniel Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada aut Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/2(2011-02-01), 233-242 0016-6707 139:2<233 2011 139 10709 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9540-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9540-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aykanat Tutku Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thrower Frank Auke Bay Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fishery Service, 17109 Pt Lena Lp Rd., 99801, Juneau, AK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heath Daniel Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Genetica Springer Netherlands 139/2(2011-02-01), 233-242 0016-6707 139:2<233 2011 139 10709 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer