caa a22 4500 445847689 CHVBK 20180317145404.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10548-011-0196-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10548-011-0196-8 Characterizing Brain Cortical Plasticity and Network Dynamics Across the Age-Span in Health and Disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI [Elektronische Daten] [Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Catarina Freitas, Lindsay Oberman, Jared Horvath, Mark Halko, Mark Eldaief, Shahid Bashir, Marine Vernet, Mouhshin Shafi, Brandon Westover, Andrew Vahabzadeh-Hagh, Alexander Rotenberg] Brain plasticity can be conceptualized as nature's invention to overcome limitations of the genome and adapt to a rapidly changing environment. As such, plasticity is an intrinsic property of the brain across the lifespan. However, mechanisms of plasticity may vary with age. The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables clinicians and researchers to directly study local and network cortical plasticity, in humans in vivo, and characterize their changes across the age-span. Parallel, translational studies in animals can provide mechanistic insights. Here, we argue that, for each individual, the efficiency of neuronal plasticity declines throughout the age-span and may do so more or less prominently depending on variable ‘starting-points' and different ‘slopes of change' defined by genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Furthermore, aberrant, excessive, insufficient, or mistimed plasticity may represent the proximal pathogenic cause of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism spectrum disorders or Alzheimer's disease. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011 Cortical brain plasticity nationallicence Transcranial magnetic stimulation nationallicence Electroencephalography nationallicence Functional magnetic resonance imaging nationallicence Lifespan nationallicence Pascual-Leone Alvaro Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Freitas Catarina Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Oberman Lindsay Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Horvath Jared Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Halko Mark Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Eldaief Mark Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Bashir Shahid Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Vernet Marine Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Shafi Mouhshin Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Westover Brandon Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Vahabzadeh-Hagh Andrew Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut Rotenberg Alexander Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA aut Brain Topography Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/3-4(2011-10-01), 302-315 0896-0267 24:3-4<302 2011 24 10548 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-011-0196-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-011-0196-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pascual-Leone Alvaro Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Freitas Catarina Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oberman Lindsay Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horvath Jared Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Halko Mark Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eldaief Mark Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bashir Shahid Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vernet Marine Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shafi Mouhshin Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Westover Brandon Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vahabzadeh-Hagh Andrew Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, 02215, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rotenberg Alexander Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Brain Topography Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/3-4(2011-10-01), 302-315 0896-0267 24:3-4<302 2011 24 10548 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer