caa a22 4500 445853077 CHVBK 20180317145419.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00204-011-0701-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00204-011-0701-6 Radiolabelling of engineered nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo tracing applications using cyclotron accelerators [Elektronische Daten] [N. Gibson, U. Holzwarth, K. Abbas, F. Simonelli, J. Kozempel, I. Cydzik, G. Cotogno, A. Bulgheroni, D. Gilliland, J. Ponti, F. Franchini, P. Marmorato, H. Stamm, W. Kreyling, A. Wenk, M. Semmler-Behnke, S. Buono, L. Maciocco, N. Burgio] We present in this article an outline of some cyclotron-based irradiation techniques that can be used to directly radiolabel industrially manufactured nanoparticles, as well as two techniques for synthesis of labelled nanoparticles using cyclotron-generated radioactive precursor materials. These radiolabelled nanoparticles are suitable for a range of different in vitro and in vivo tracing studies of relevance to the field of nanotoxicology. A basic overview is given of the relevant physics of nuclear reactions regarding both ion-beam and neutron production of radioisotopes. The various issues that determine the practicality and usefulness of the different methods are discussed, including radioisotope yield, nuclear reaction kinetics, radiation and thermal damage, and radiolabel stability. Experimental details are presented regarding several techniques applied in our laboratories, including direct light-ion activation of dry nanoparticle samples, neutron activation of nanoparticles and suspensions using an ion-beam driven activator, spark-ignition generation of nanoparticle aerosols using activated electrode materials, and radiochemical synthesis of nanoparticles using cyclotron-produced isotopes. The application of these techniques is illustrated through short descriptions of some selected results thus far achieved. It is shown that these cyclotron-based methods offer a very useful range of options for nanoparticle radiolabelling despite some experimental difficulties associated with their application. For direct nanoparticle radiolabelling, if care is taken in choosing the experimental conditions applied, useful activity levels can be achieved in a wide range of nanoparticle types, without causing substantial thermal or radiation damage to the nanoparticle structure. Nanoparticle synthesis using radioactive precursors presents a different set of issues and offers a complementary and equally valid approach when laboratory generation of the nanoparticles is acceptable for the proposed studies, and where an appropriate radiolabel can be incorporated into the nanoparticles during synthesis. Springer-Verlag, 2011 Nanoparticles nationallicence Toxicity nationallicence Radiolabelling nationallicence Radiotracer nationallicence Ion beam irradiation nationallicence Neutron irradiation nationallicence Gibson N. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Holzwarth U. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Abbas K. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Simonelli F. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Kozempel J. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Cydzik I. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Cotogno G. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Bulgheroni A. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Gilliland D. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Ponti J. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Franchini F. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Marmorato P. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Stamm H. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut Kreyling W. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut Wenk A. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut Semmler-Behnke M. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut Buono S. Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA), 20 Rue Diesel, 01630, Saint Genis Pouilly, France aut Maciocco L. Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA), 20 Rue Diesel, 01630, Saint Genis Pouilly, France aut Burgio N. C.R. Casaccia, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, S. Maria di Galeria, 00060, Rome, Italy aut Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/7(2011-07-01), 751-773 0340-5761 85:7<751 2011 85 204 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0701-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0701-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gibson N. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Holzwarth U. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Abbas K. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Simonelli F. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kozempel J. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cydzik I. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cotogno G. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bulgheroni A. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gilliland D. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ponti J. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Franchini F. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marmorato P. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stamm H. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kreyling W. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wenk A. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Semmler-Behnke M. Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Buono S. Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA), 20 Rue Diesel, 01630, Saint Genis Pouilly, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Maciocco L. Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA), 20 Rue Diesel, 01630, Saint Genis Pouilly, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Burgio N. C.R. Casaccia, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, S. Maria di Galeria, 00060, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/7(2011-07-01), 751-773 0340-5761 85:7<751 2011 85 204 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer