caa a22 4500 445853751 CHVBK 20180317145421.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00204-011-0718-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00204-011-0718-x Alternatives to animal testing: current status and future perspectives [Elektronische Daten] [Manfred Liebsch, Barbara Grune, Andrea Seiler, Daniel Butzke, Michael Oelgeschläger, Ralph Pirow, Sarah Adler, Christian Riebeling, Andreas Luch] On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (ZEBET), an international symposium was held at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin. At the same time, this symposium was meant to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the book "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” by Russell and Burch in 1959 in which the 3Rs principle (that is, Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) has been coined and introduced to foster the development of alternative methods to animal testing. Another topic addressed by the symposium was the new vision on "Toxicology in the twenty-first Century”, as proposed by the US-National Research Council, which aims at using human cells and tissues for toxicity testing in vitro rather than live animals. An overview of the achievements and current tasks, as well as a vision of the future to be addressed by ZEBET@BfR in the years to come is outlined in the present paper. The Author(s), 2011 Alternatives to animal testing nationallicence ZEBET nationallicence 3Rs nationallicence Replacement nationallicence Reduction nationallicence Refinement nationallicence Liebsch Manfred German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Grune Barbara German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Seiler Andrea German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Butzke Daniel German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Oelgeschläger Michael German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Pirow Ralph German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Adler Sarah German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Riebeling Christian German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Luch Andreas German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/8(2011-08-01), 841-858 0340-5761 85:8<841 2011 85 204 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0718-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 editorial jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0718-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liebsch Manfred German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grune Barbara German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Seiler Andrea German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Butzke Daniel German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oelgeschläger Michael German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pirow Ralph German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Adler Sarah German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Riebeling Christian German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Luch Andreas German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments—ZEBET, 12277, Berlin, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/8(2011-08-01), 841-858 0340-5761 85:8<841 2011 85 204 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer