caa a22 4500 445854170 CHVBK 20180317145423.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00204-011-0689-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00204-011-0689-y Effects of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and other candidate biodiesel biocides on rat alveolar macrophages and NR8383 cells [Elektronische Daten] [R. Poon, M. Rigden, N. Edmonds, N. Charman, S. Lamy] Biocides are added to biodiesels to inhibit and remove microbial growth. The effects of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), a candidate biodiesel biocide, were studied using freshly isolated rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and NR8383 cell line. CMIT markedly inhibited phagocytic oxidative burst as measured by zymosan-induced chemiluminescence, and cellular cytokine secretion as measured by zymosan-induced TNF-α secretion. The 50% inhibition concentration (LC50) for CMIT was 0.002-0.004mM for both cellular functions. AM exposed to CMIT for as little as 2min showed markedly inhibited functions that persisted for at least 5h. Sodium metabisulfite was able to partially neutralize the inhibitory activity of CMIT. Cysteine and glutathione, when present at a molar ratio of 2-1 or higher against CMIT, were effective neutralizers, while serine, histidine, alanine, and albumin were without effect. When the AM testing system was used to compare the toxicity of CMIT against three other candidate biodiesel biocides, methylene dithiocyanate (MDC) was found to be of comparable toxicity to CMIT, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) was much less toxic, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) was non-toxic. Because AM is among the first cell-type exposed to inhaled biodiesel aerosols, the result suggested that CMIT present in biodiesel may produce respiratory effects, and further investigations including animal studies are warranted. Springer-Verlag, 2011 CMIT nationallicence Biocides nationallicence Biodiesel nationallicence Alveolar macrophages nationallicence Toxicity nationallicence Poon R. Environmental Heath Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut Rigden M. Environmental Heath Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut Edmonds N. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut Charman N. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut Lamy S. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/11(2011-11-01), 1419-1427 0340-5761 85:11<1419 2011 85 204 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0689-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0689-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Poon R. Environmental Heath Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rigden M. Environmental Heath Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Edmonds N. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Charman N. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lamy S. Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, 260 Laurier Avenue W, K1A 0K9, Ottawa, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Toxicology Springer-Verlag 85/11(2011-11-01), 1419-1427 0340-5761 85:11<1419 2011 85 204 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer