caa a22 4500 445855126 CHVBK 20180317145425.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10640-010-9408-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10640-010-9408-z Protecting Ecosystems and Alleviating Poverty with Parks and Reserves: ‘Win-Win' or Tradeoffs? [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Ferraro, Merlin Hanauer] National parks and reserves are globally popular approaches to protecting biodiversity and the supply of ecosystem services. Because these protected areas limit agricultural development and exploitation of natural resources, they are frequently opposed in developing nations where reducing poverty is an important social objective. Conservation advocates argue that protected areas can alleviate poverty by supplying ecosystem services, promoting tourism and improving infrastructure. Thus ‘win-win' scenarios may be possible in which ecosystems and their services are protected and poverty is alleviated. Previous studies (Andam etal. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(42):16089-16094 2008; 2010) suggest that Costa Rica's protected area system reduced deforestation and alleviated poverty. We demonstrate that these environmental and social impacts were spatially heterogeneous. Importantly, the characteristics associated with the most avoided deforestation are the characteristics associated with the least poverty alleviation. In other words, the same characteristics that limited the conservation effectiveness of protected areas may have improved the social welfare impacts of these areas. These results suggest that ‘win-win' efforts to protect ecosystems and alleviate poverty may be possible when policymakers are satisfied with low levels of each outcome, but tradeoffs exist when more of either outcome is desired. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 Ecosystems nationallicence Poverty nationallicence Protected areas nationallicence Impacts nationallicence Program evaluation nationallicence Econometrics nationallicence Costa Rica nationallicence Ferraro Paul Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, PO Box 3992, 30302-3992, Atlanta, GA, USA aut Hanauer Merlin Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, PO Box 3992, 30302-3992, Atlanta, GA, USA aut Environmental and Resource Economics Springer Netherlands 48/2(2011-02-01), 269-286 0924-6460 48:2<269 2011 48 10640 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9408-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9408-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ferraro Paul Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, PO Box 3992, 30302-3992, Atlanta, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hanauer Merlin Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, PO Box 3992, 30302-3992, Atlanta, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental and Resource Economics Springer Netherlands 48/2(2011-02-01), 269-286 0924-6460 48:2<269 2011 48 10640 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer