caa a22 4500 445857323 CHVBK 20180317145432.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10592-011-0256-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10592-011-0256-3 Substantial molecular variation and low genetic structure in Kenya's black rhinoceros: implications for conservation [Elektronische Daten] [S. Muya, M. Bruford, A. Muigai, Z. Osiemo, E. Mwachiro, B. Okita-Ouma, B. Goossens] Kenya's black rhinoceros population declined by more than 98% from 20,000 individuals in the 1970s to around 400 individuals in 1990 due to the effects of poaching, at which time the surviving individuals were isolated in a series of demographically inviable subpopulations. An initial management exercise translocated the survivors into four high security sanctuaries to control poaching and enhance breeding, and this measure successfully arrested the decline. Subsequently, new sanctuaries were established and the metapopulation size reached 650 animals by 2008. However, translocations and the current management strategy that partitions the metapopulation into ‘montane' and ‘lowland' rhinoceros may have substantial consequences at the population level and their impact on population genetic diversity has not been investigated. In this study, 12 of the 16 extant subpopulations were analysed using 408bp of mitochondrial control region sequence (n=170) and nine microsatellite loci (n=145). Both markers detected moderate to high genetic diversity (h=0.78±0.027, n=170; HO=0.70±0.087, n=145) consistent with previous studies on Diceros bicornis michaeli. However, mtDNA and nDNA diversity varied substantially between subpopulations. The results suggest that the Masai Mara is more differentiated, inbred and isolated than other subpopulations. It also suggests that there are neither distinct montane and lowland groups nor other detectable historical barriers to gene flow. Instead the large majority of genetic diversity was partitioned at the level of individuals; highlighting the need to conserve as many individuals as possible. Future translocations should consider the genetic profile of individuals and the demographic history of both the donor and recipient subpopulations. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Black rhinoceros nationallicence Conservation genetics nationallicence Microsatellites nationallicence Population fragmentation nationallicence Translocation nationallicence Muya S. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut Bruford M. Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut Muigai A. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut Osiemo Z. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut Mwachiro E. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut Okita-Ouma B. Rhino Programme, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya aut Goossens B. Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/6(2011-12-01), 1575-1588 1566-0621 12:6<1575 2011 12 10592 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0256-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0256-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Muya S. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bruford M. Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Muigai A. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Osiemo Z. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mwachiro E. Faculty of Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Okita-Ouma B. Rhino Programme, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Goossens B. Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/6(2011-12-01), 1575-1588 1566-0621 12:6<1575 2011 12 10592 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer