caa a22 4500 445857439 CHVBK 20180317145432.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10592-011-0181-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10592-011-0181-5 The use of non-invasive molecular techniques to confirm the presence of mountain bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci populations in Kenya and preliminary inference of their mitochondrial genetic variation [Elektronische Daten] [P. Faria, G. Kavembe, J. Jung'a, C. Kimwele, L. Estes, P. Reillo, A. Mwangi, M. Bruford] The mountain bongo antelope Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci has rapidly declined in recent decades, due to a combination of hunting, habitat degradation and disease. Endemic to Kenya, mountain bongo populations have shrunk to approximately 100 individuals now mainly confined to the Aberdares mountain ranges. Indirect observation of bongo signs (e.g. tracks, dung) can be misleading, thus methods to ensure reliable species identification, such as DNA-based techniques, are necessary to effectively study and monitor this species. We assessed bongo presence in four mountain habitats in Kenya (Mount Kenya National Park, Aberdare National Park, Eburu and Mau forests) and carried out a preliminary analysis of genetic variation by examining 466bp of the first domain of the mtDNA control region using DNA extracted from faecal samples. Of the 201 dung samples collected in the field, 102 samples were molecularly identified as bongo, 97 as waterbuck, one as African buffalo and one as Aders' duiker. Overall species-identification accuracy by experienced trackers was 64%, with very high error of commission when identifying bongo sign (37%), and high error of omission for waterbuck sign (82%), suggesting that the two species' signs are easily confused. Despite high variation in the mtDNA control region in most antelope species, our results suggest low genetic variation in mountain bongo as only two haplotypes were detected in 102 samples analyzed. In contrast, the analysis of 63 waterbuck samples from the same sites revealed 21 haplotypes. Nevertheless, further examination using nuclear DNA markers (e.g. microsatellites) in a multi-locus approach is still required, especially because the use of mitochondrial DNA can result in population overestimation as distinct dung samples can potentially be originated from the same individual. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Bongo antelope nationallicence Non-invasive genetics nationallicence Endangered species nationallicence Genetic diversity nationallicence mtDNA control region nationallicence Faria P. School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut Kavembe G. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya aut Jung'a J. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya aut Kimwele C. Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), P.O. Box 24481, Nairobi, Kenya aut Estes L. Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, P.O. Box 1371, 33470, Loxahatchee, FL, USA aut Reillo P. Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, P.O. Box 1371, 33470, Loxahatchee, FL, USA aut Mwangi A. Rhino Ark Charitable Trust, Uhuru Gardens, P.O. Box 181, 00517, Nairobi, Kenya aut Bruford M. School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/3(2011-06-01), 745-751 1566-0621 12:3<745 2011 12 10592 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0181-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0181-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Faria P. School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kavembe G. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jung'a J. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kimwele C. Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), P.O. Box 24481, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Estes L. Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, P.O. Box 1371, 33470, Loxahatchee, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reillo P. Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, P.O. Box 1371, 33470, Loxahatchee, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mwangi A. Rhino Ark Charitable Trust, Uhuru Gardens, P.O. Box 181, 00517, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bruford M. School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/3(2011-06-01), 745-751 1566-0621 12:3<745 2011 12 10592 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer