caa a22 4500 445857870 CHVBK 20180317145433.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10592-011-0222-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10592-011-0222-0 Songbird genetic diversity is lower in anthropogenically versus naturally fragmented landscapes [Elektronische Daten] [Elizabeth MacDougall-Shackleton, Michael Clinchy, Liana Zanette, Bryan Neff] Natural habitats, and the populations they sustain, are becoming increasingly fragmented by human activities. Parallels between ‘true' islands and ‘habitat' islands suggest that standing levels of individual genetic diversity in naturally fragmented populations may predict the genetic fate of their anthropogenically fragmented counterparts, but this hypothesis remains largely untested. We compared neutral-locus genetic diversity of individual song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) breeding in a naturally fragmented landscape (small coastal islands) to that of song sparrows in similar-sized ‘urban islands' separated by roads and housing developments rather than by water. Individuals on coastal islands were more heterozygous and less inbred than those in urban islands. Estimates of population genetic structuring (assessed by pairwise genetic differentiation and Bayesian clustering methods) and contemporary dispersal (based on assignment tests) revealed little structure within either landscape, suggesting that lack of connectivity at the geographic scale we investigated cannot explain the reduced heterozygosity of urban birds. However, within-site genetic similarity was higher in the urban than the coastal landscape. Assuming that historic genetic diversity was similar in these two environments, our findings suggest that anthropogenically fragmented populations may lose genetic diversity faster than their naturally fragmented counterparts. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Heterozygosity nationallicence Habitat fragmentation nationallicence Islands nationallicence Effective population size nationallicence Songbirds nationallicence MacDougall-Shackleton Elizabeth Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut Clinchy Michael Department of Biology, University of Victoria, V8W 3N5, Victoria, BC, Canada aut Zanette Liana Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut Neff Bryan Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/5(2011-10-01), 1195-1203 1566-0621 12:5<1195 2011 12 10592 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0222-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0222-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- MacDougall-Shackleton Elizabeth Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Clinchy Michael Department of Biology, University of Victoria, V8W 3N5, Victoria, BC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zanette Liana Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neff Bryan Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Avenue, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/5(2011-10-01), 1195-1203 1566-0621 12:5<1195 2011 12 10592 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer