caa a22 4500 445858176 CHVBK 20180317145434.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10592-010-0145-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10592-010-0145-1 Phylogeography and conservation of the bull shark ( Carcharhinus leucas ) inferred from mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA [Elektronische Daten] [S. Karl, A. Castro, J. Lopez, P. Charvet, G. Burgess] The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is a widely distributed, large coastal shark species known to travel long distances. These characteristics, coupled with the species' long life span and late age of maturity, would lead one to predict significant global genetic exchange among bull shark populations. By contrast, data show localized depletion in some areas of large coastal shark fisheries, indicating some geographic isolation may exist. We examined genetic variation in the control region of mitochondrial DNA and at five nuclear microsatellite loci in bull sharks sampled from the western Atlantic to investigate the degree of population subdivision. The average per sample haplotype and nucleotide diversity in the mtDNA (0.51±0.26 and 0.12%±0.12, respectively) and expected heterozygosity (0.84) in the microsatellite loci contrast sharply in having lower and higher values (respectively) relative to many other shark species. Significant structure exists between the Brazilian and all northern populations at the mtDNA control region (pairwise ΦST>0.8, P<0.001), but not at the nuclear microsatellite loci. Adjacent northern populations show weak to no genetic differentiation for both markers. These results are congruent with restricted maternal gene flow between populations caused by female site fidelity to nursery areas. We estimate the current effective population size to be around 160,000 and 221,000 individuals for the southern and northern Atlantic populations, respectively. The philopatric habits and the relatively low levels of mtDNA genetic diversity observed in bull sharks must be considered in the conservation of this species. Our results indicate that effective bull shark management strategies will require local, regional, and international attention and cooperation. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 mtDNA control region nationallicence Microsatellite nationallicence Population structure nationallicence Philopatry nationallicence Karl S. The Hawai'si Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'si, Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346, 96744, Kāne'sohe, HI, USA aut Castro A. Department of Biology, University of South Florida, SCA110, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., 33620, Tampa, FL, USA aut Lopez J. University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, 99775, Fairbanks, AK, USA aut Charvet P. SENAI-PR, Rua Senador Accioly Filho, 298, CIC, 81310-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil aut Burgess G. Florida Program for Shark Research, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Museum Road & Newell Drive, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA aut Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/2(2011-04-01), 371-382 1566-0621 12:2<371 2011 12 10592 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0145-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0145-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Karl S. The Hawai'si Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'si, Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346, 96744, Kāne'sohe, HI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Castro A. Department of Biology, University of South Florida, SCA110, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., 33620, Tampa, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lopez J. University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, 99775, Fairbanks, AK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Charvet P. SENAI-PR, Rua Senador Accioly Filho, 298, CIC, 81310-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Burgess G. Florida Program for Shark Research, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Museum Road & Newell Drive, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/2(2011-04-01), 371-382 1566-0621 12:2<371 2011 12 10592 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer