caa a22 4500 445858273 CHVBK 20180317145435.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10592-010-0149-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10592-010-0149-x Phylogeographic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA supports subspecies designations in the ostrich ( Struthio camelus ) [Elektronische Daten] [Joshua Miller, Sara Hallager, Steven Monfort, John Newby, Kelley Bishop, Scott Tidmus, Peter Black, Bill Houston, Conrad Matthee, Robert Fleischer] We investigated the phylogeography and subspecies classification of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) by assessing patterns of variation in mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA-CR) sequence and across fourteen nuclear microsatellite loci. The current consensus taxonomy of S. camelus names five subspecies based on morphology, geographic range, mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and mtDNA-CR sequence analysis: S. c. camelus, S. c. syriacus, S. c. molybdephanes, S. c. massaicus and S. c. australis. We expanded a previous mtDNA dataset from 18 individual mtDNA-CR sequences to 123 sequences, including sequences from all five subspecies. Importantly, these additional sequences included 43 novel sequences of the red-necked ostrich, S. c. camelus, obtained from birds from Niger. Phylogeographic reconstruction of these sequences matches previous results, with three well-supported clades containing S. c. camelus/syriacus, S. c. molybdophanes, and S. c. massaicus/australis, respectively. The 14 microsatellite loci assessed for 119 individuals of four subspecies (all but S. c. syriacus) showed considerable variation, with an average of 13.4 (±2.0) alleles per locus and a mean observed heterozygosity of 55.7 (±5.3)%. These data revealed high levels of variation within most subspecies, and a structure analysis revealed strong separation between each of the four subspecies. The level of divergence across both marker types suggests the consideration of separate species status for S. c. molybdophanes, and perhaps also for S. c. camelus/syriacus. Both the mtDNA-CR and microsatellite analyzes also suggest that there has been no recent hybridization between the subspecies. These findings are of importance for management of the highly endangered red-necked subspecies (S. c. camelus) and may warrant its placement onto the IUCN red list of threatened animals. US Government, 2010 Struthio camelus nationallicence Ostrich nationallicence Africa nationallicence Mitochondrial DNA control region nationallicence Phylogeography nationallicence Microsatellites nationallicence Miller Joshua Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5503, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut Hallager Sara Animal Care Directorate, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5507, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut Monfort Steven Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, 22630, Front Royal, VA, USA aut Newby John Sahara Conservation Fund, Rue des Tigneuses 2, 1148, L'Isle, Switzerland aut Bishop Kelley Sahara Conservation Fund, Rue des Tigneuses 2, 1148, L'Isle, Switzerland aut Tidmus Scott Animal Programs and Environmental Initiatives, Disney's Animal Kingdom, 32830, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA aut Black Peter Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, 63110, St Louis, MO, USA aut Houston Bill Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, 63110, St Louis, MO, USA aut Matthee Conrad Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut Fleischer Robert Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5503, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/2(2011-04-01), 423-431 1566-0621 12:2<423 2011 12 10592 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0149-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0149-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miller Joshua Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5503, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hallager Sara Animal Care Directorate, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5507, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Monfort Steven Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, 22630, Front Royal, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Newby John Sahara Conservation Fund, Rue des Tigneuses 2, 1148, L'Isle, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bishop Kelley Sahara Conservation Fund, Rue des Tigneuses 2, 1148, L'Isle, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tidmus Scott Animal Programs and Environmental Initiatives, Disney's Animal Kingdom, 32830, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Black Peter Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, 63110, St Louis, MO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Houston Bill Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, 63110, St Louis, MO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Matthee Conrad Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fleischer Robert Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO BOX 37012 MRC 5503, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Conservation Genetics Springer Netherlands 12/2(2011-04-01), 423-431 1566-0621 12:2<423 2011 12 10592 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer