caa a22 4500 445861118 CHVBK 20180317145443.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00439-011-1029-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00439-011-1029-2 Evolutionary diversity and developmental regulation of X-chromosome inactivation [Elektronische Daten] [Martin Escamilla-Del-Arenal, Simao da Rocha, Edith Heard] X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) results in the transcriptional silencing of one X-chromosome in females to attain gene dosage parity between XX female and XY male mammals. Mammals appear to have developed rather diverse strategies to initiate XCI in early development. In placental mammals XCI depends on the regulatory noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (Xist), which is absent in marsupials and monotremes. Surprisingly, even placental mammals show differences in the initiation of XCI in terms of Xist regulation and the timing to acquire dosage compensation. Despite this, all placental mammals achieve chromosome-wide gene silencing at some point in development, and this is maintained by epigenetic marks such as chromatin modifications and DNA methylation. In this review, we will summarise recent findings concerning the events that occur downstream of Xist RNA coating of the inactive X-chromosome (Xi) to ensure its heterochromatinization and the maintenance of the inactive state in the mouse and highlight similarities and differences between mammals. The Author(s), 2011 Escamilla-Del-Arenal Martin Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut da Rocha Simao Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut Heard Edith Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut Human Genetics Springer-Verlag 130/2(2011-08-01), 307-327 0340-6717 130:2<307 2011 130 439 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-011-1029-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-011-1029-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Escamilla-Del-Arenal Martin Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- da Rocha Simao Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heard Edith Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Unit of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Human Genetics Springer-Verlag 130/2(2011-08-01), 307-327 0340-6717 130:2<307 2011 130 439 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer