caa a22 4500 445861126 CHVBK 20180317145443.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00439-011-1008-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00439-011-1008-7 Xist regulation and function eXplored [Elektronische Daten] [Daphne Pontier, Joost Gribnau] X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process in mammals that ensures equal transcript levels between males and females by genetic inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in females. Central to XCI is the long non-coding RNA Xist, which is highly and specifically expressed from the inactive X chromosome. Xist covers the X chromosome in cis and triggers genetic silencing, but its working mechanism remains elusive. Here, we review current knowledge about Xist regulation, structure, function and conservation and speculate on possible mechanisms by which its action is restricted in cis. We also discuss dosage compensation mechanisms other than XCI and how knowledge from invertebrate species may help to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of mammalian XCI. The Author(s), 2011 Pontier Daphne Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Gribnau Joost Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Human Genetics Springer-Verlag 130/2(2011-08-01), 223-236 0340-6717 130:2<223 2011 130 439 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-011-1008-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-011-1008-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pontier Daphne Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gribnau Joost Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Human Genetics Springer-Verlag 130/2(2011-08-01), 223-236 0340-6717 130:2<223 2011 130 439 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer