caa a22 4500 445863862 CHVBK 20180317145452.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5 Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal [Elektronische Daten] [David Smith, Dale Griffin, Richard McPeters, Peter Ward, Andrew Schuerger] Spores of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to a series of stratosphere simulations. In total, five distinct treatments measured the effect of reduced pressure, low temperature, high desiccation, and intense ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on stratosphere-isolated and ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Environmental conditions were based on springtime data from a mid-latitude region of the lower stratosphere (20km). Experimentally, each treatment consisted of the following independent or combined conditions: −70°C, 56 mb, 10-12% relative humidity and 0.00421, 5.11, and 54.64W/m2 of UVC (200-280nm), UVB (280-315nm), UVA (315-400nm), respectively. Bacteria were deposited on metal coupon surfaces in monolayers of ~1×106 spores and prepared with palagonite (particle size<20μm). After 6h of exposure to the stratosphere environment, 99.9% of B. subtilis spores were killed due to UV irradiation. In contrast, temperature, desiccation, and pressure simulations without UV had no effect on spore viability up through 96h. There were no differences in survival between the stratosphere-isolated versus ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Inactivation of most bacteria in our simulation indicates that the stratosphere can be a critical barrier to long-distance microbial dispersal and that survival in the upper atmosphere may be constrained by UV irradiation. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Stratosphere nationallicence Natural selection nationallicence Dispersal nationallicence Spores nationallicence Aerobiology nationallicence Smith David Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Astrobiology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, 98195-1800, Seattle, WA, USA aut Griffin Dale U.S. Geological Survey, 2639 North Monroe Street, Suite A-200, 32303, Tallahassee, FL, USA aut McPeters Richard NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, 20711, Greenbelt, MD, USA aut Ward Peter Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Astrobiology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, 98195-1800, Seattle, WA, USA aut Schuerger Andrew Department of Plant Pathology, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, University of Florida, Bldg. M6-1025, 32899, Gainesville, FL, USA aut Aerobiologia Springer Netherlands 27/4(2011-12-01), 319-332 0393-5965 27:4<319 2011 27 10453 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smith David Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Astrobiology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, 98195-1800, Seattle, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Griffin Dale U.S. Geological Survey, 2639 North Monroe Street, Suite A-200, 32303, Tallahassee, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McPeters Richard NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, 20711, Greenbelt, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ward Peter Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Astrobiology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, 98195-1800, Seattle, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schuerger Andrew Department of Plant Pathology, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, University of Florida, Bldg. M6-1025, 32899, Gainesville, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Aerobiologia Springer Netherlands 27/4(2011-12-01), 319-332 0393-5965 27:4<319 2011 27 10453 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer