caa a22 4500 445864540 CHVBK 20180317145453.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11119-010-9200-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11119-010-9200-7 Optimization of agrochemical application in olive groves based on positioning sensor [Elektronische Daten] [M. Pérez-Ruiz, J. Agüera, J. Gil, D. Slaughter] Typically, agrochemicals are applied to olive trees uniformly within a whole orchard without regard to the spatial variability of the target tree profile. The treatment efficiency can be improved by reducing the spray losses associated with deposition on the ground and off-target drift. The goals of this study were to develop a technique to evaluate the chemical losses resulting from a spray treatment applied to Spanish olive trees and to design an automated control system to adjust the application volume based on tree structure information incorporated in a prescription map and GPS technology. The automatic control system selectively actuated individual sections of the spray boom in real-time based upon the prescribed demand in the GPS map and the current geo-position information provided by the tractor's RTK GPS system. Test results indicated that the control system, mounted on a conventional sprayer, was able to reduce the volume of spray application on the six tree rows tested by 19% when compared to conventional spray application techniques. Results also indicated that the average application loss to the soil, for all the trees, was reduced 15.25% compared to treatment with conventional equipment. Two spray collection masts of 9.5m height were designed and built to measure the drift produced during spray application and therefore to provide data for analysis of spray distribution at various application heights within the tree. Results show that the new control system was able to achieve the same spray distribution on the tree as the conventional sprayer while reducing the volume of chemical applied. The Author(s), 2010 RTK-GPS nationallicence Spray deposition nationallicence Variable rate technology nationallicence Mapping nationallicence Pérez-Ruiz M. Dpto. De Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla. Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal, E.U.I.T.A. Ctra. Sevilla-Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain aut Agüera J. Dpto. de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain aut Gil J. Dpto. de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain aut Slaughter D. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, California, USA aut Precision Agriculture Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 12/4(2011-08-01), 564-575 1385-2256 12:4<564 2011 12 11119 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9200-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9200-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pérez-Ruiz M. Dpto. De Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla. Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal, E.U.I.T.A. Ctra. Sevilla-Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Agüera J. Dpto. de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gil J. Dpto. de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Slaughter D. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Precision Agriculture Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 12/4(2011-08-01), 564-575 1385-2256 12:4<564 2011 12 11119 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer