caa a22 4500 44587113X CHVBK 20180317145512.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11107-010-0292-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11107-010-0292-9 Compensating unflattened WDM chips spectra using dynamic backward-pumped fiber Raman amplifiers technology [Elektronische Daten] [Chih-Ta Yen, Chih-Wei Tsai] Fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) with multiple pumps are proposed to realize dynamic gain equalization for a spectral chips signal with a non-flattened broadband light source (BLS) in a spectrum-sliced wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network. In FRAs with multiple pumps, the gain profile can be adjusted via appropriate specification of the relative position of the pump wavelengths and the power of the pump waves. This paper combines a pump-power control algorithm and a genetic algorithm (GA) to establish the optimal pump spectrum for any specified gain spectrum in the WDM system. The method flattens the power spectra of WDM chips by identifying the optimal pump wavelengths and pump power of backward-pumped FRAs. It avoids the conventional requirement for time-consuming trial-and-error adjustments or intensive numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the scheme is simple, effective, and applicable for various BLSs in a spectrum-sliced WDM transmitter. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 Fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) nationallicence Broadband light source (BLS) nationallicence Genetic algorithm (GA) nationallicence Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) nationallicence Yen Chih-Ta Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC aut Tsai Chih-Wei Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC aut Photonic Network Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 21/2(2011-04-01), 192-200 1387-974X 21:2<192 2011 21 11107 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-010-0292-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-010-0292-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yen Chih-Ta Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tsai Chih-Wei Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Photonic Network Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 21/2(2011-04-01), 192-200 1387-974X 21:2<192 2011 21 11107 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer